Gastropoda |
Littorinimorpha |
Strombidae
環境：環境 / 気候帯 / 深さの範囲 / 分布範囲
生態学
Benthic; 深さの範囲 2 - 73 m (参照 83934), usually ? - 30 m (参照 97646). Tropical; 33°N - 2°S, 97°W - 45°W
Western Atlantic: South Carolina to Brazil.
初回成熟時の長さ / サイズ / 重さ / 年齢
成熟: Lm ?, range 2 - ? cm Max length : 30.0 cm SHL オス/雌雄の選別がない; (参照 105315); 最大公表体重: 3.3 kg (参照 105296); 最大記録サイズ: 30 年 (参照 126618)
Shell large, with relatively large spire, flared outer lip with posterior expansion projecting well beyond spire length. Spire taller than other species in genus. Sculpture of sharp knobs along shoulder. Colour: pale tan with thin brown periostracum. Internal shell colour deep pink.
The fisheries have grown exponentially in the last 30 years, with resulting declines in population and area closures. The species has been included on appendix 2 of CITES (Convention on the International Trade of Endangered Species). International trade is allowed only from nations in which the populations of the species are not under threat from commercial fishing (Ref. 355). Maximum weight from Ref. 97674 cited in Ref. 105296. This species is found intertidal and offshore, on coral reefs, particularly on algae, coral sand, and seagrass habitats (Refs. 355, 83934). Adults prefer sandy algal flats; also found on gravel, coral rubble, smooth hard coral and beach rock bottoms. Rarely on soft bottoms of mud and/or silt. Benthic grazer. Feeds on diatoms, seagrass detritus, and various algae and epiphytes. Nocturnal (Refs. 105087, 127891) (Ref. 355).
ライフサイクルと交尾行動
成熟 | 繁殖 | 放精 | 卵 | 生産力 | 幼生
Copulation may precede spawning. Spawning occurs on a type of calcareous sand formed from the fragmentation of coral reefs, including large quantities of calcareous skeletal remains from small molluscs and calcareous algae. Females deposit the egg mass on the substrate (Ref. 105320). Life cycle: Eggs hatch into veligers after 3-5 days which feed on phytoplankton; after 21 days they undergo metamorphosis (juvenile stage) where they remain buried in the sand and emerge in seagrass beds to feed; adults return to the shallow inshore waters to spawn.
主な参考文献
参考文献 | コーディネーター | 協力者
Leal, J.H. 2003 Gastropods. p. 99-147. In Carpenter, K.E. (ed.). The living marine resources of the Western Central Atlantic. Volume 1: Introduction, molluscs, crustaceans, hagfishes, sharks, batoid fishes, and chimaeras. FAO Species Identification Guide for Fishery Purposes and American Society of Ichthyologists and Herpetologists Special Publication No. 5. 1600p. (参照 355)
IUCNのレッドリストの状況は
(参照 130435: Version 2025-2 (Global))
ワシントン条約ステータス (参照 108899)
Not Evaluated
人間に対する脅威
人間の用途
水産業: 高い商業の
| FIRMS (Stock assessments) | FishSource | 私達の周りの海
用具
インターネットの情報源
モデルに基づく推定値
好ましい温度
(Ref.
115969): 25.3 - 28, mean 27 (based on 146 cells).
回復力
手段, １．４年～４．４年の倍増期間の最小個体群 (K=0.25-0.71; tm=3-4; tmax=30).
Prior r = 0.97, 95% CL = 0.64 - 1.45, Based on 4 data-limited stock assessments.
漁業の脆弱性
Moderate vulnerability (43 of 100).
Nutrients : Calcium = 126 [75, 177] mg/100g; Iron = 4.79 [1.67, 7.92] mg/100g; Protein = 15.9 [14.8, 16.9] %; Omega3 = 0.331 [0.263, 0.400] g/100g; Selenium = 57.8 [48.5, 67.2] μg/100g; VitaminA = 0 μg/100g; Zinc = 1.97 [0.92, 3.02] mg/100g (wet weight); based on
nutrient studies.
