Gastropoda |
Trochida |
Tegulidae | Trochinae
Miljö: miljö / Klimatzon / djupintervall / distributionsområde
Ekologi
Benthic; djupintervall 0 - 20 m (Ref. 349). Tropical; 32°N - 25°S, 45°E - 171°E (Ref. 81851)
Indo-Pacific: from Madagascar, Sri Lanka, Andaman and Nicobar Islands, to as far east as French Polynesia, north to southern Japan and Hawaii, and south to Australia.
Längd vid första mognad / Storlek / Vikt / Ålder
Könsmognad: Lm ? range ? - ? cm Max length : 15.0 cm SHH hane/ej könsbestämd; (Ref. 349); common length : 11.0 cm SHL hane/ej könsbestämd; (Ref. 349)
Shell conical, large, thick and very heavy. Body whorl almost smooth, with concave sides above a protuding, acutely rounded and thickened periphery. Base shell flat. Aperture squarish. Colouration: shell off-white, with large irregular axial reddish stripes (Ref. 128042).
It is the most economically important gastropod species in the tropical West Pacific. It is both an important traditional food and a leading export item used as a source of mother-of-pearl material for buttons and jewelry. Many small sized artisanal fisheries for meat and shell exist in other islands of the area. Due to severe and frequent overfishing, management policies are often adopted and aquaculture trials are under way (Ref. 349). Maximum depth from Ref. 799. Typically found in shallow, high energy portions of barrier and reefs (Refs. 349, 128042). Feeds on filamentous algae and generally avoids bottoms of sand and living corals. Population density generally decreasing in deeper areas, while the mean size of individuals increases (Ref. 349).
Livscykel och parningsbeteende
Könsmognad | Reproduktion | Lek | Ägg | Fekunditet | Larver
Breeding period is marked by spring tides with external fertilization and nocturnal spawning.
Poutiers, J.M. 1998 Gastropods. p. 363-648. In Carpenter, K. E. and V. H. Niem. 1998. FAO species identification guide for fishery purposes. The living marine resources of the Western Central Pacific. Volume 1. Seaweeds, corals, bivalves, and gastropods. Rome, FAO. (Ref. 349)
Status på IUCN:s rödlista
(Ref. 130435: Version 2025-2 (Global))
CITES-status (Ref. 108899)
Not Evaluated
Not Evaluated
Hot mot människor
Harmless
Mänskliga användningsområden
Fiskeri: kommersiell
FAO - fiskeri: landningar | FishSource | Havet omkring oss
Verktyg
Ytterligare information
MänniskorelateradFrimärken, mynt, diverse.
Internet-källor
Uppskattningar baserade på modeller
Önskad temperatur
(Ref.
115969): 26.3 - 29.3, mean 28.7 (based on 2725 cells).
Resiliens
Mellan, lägsta populationsfördubblingstid 1,4-4,4 år (K=0.19-0.36).
Sårbarhet i fisket
Low to moderate vulnerability (33 of 100).
Priskategori
Unknown.
Nutrients : Calcium = 126 [75, 177] mg/100g; Iron = 4.79 [1.67, 7.92] mg/100g; Protein = 15.9 [14.8, 16.9] %; Omega3 = 0.331 [0.263, 0.400] g/100g; Selenium = 57.8 [48.5, 67.2] μg/100g; VitaminA = 0 μg/100g; Zinc = 1.97 [0.92, 3.02] mg/100g (wet weight); based on
nutrient studies.
