Gastropoda |
Trochida |
Tegulidae | Trochinae
环境：氛围 / 气候带 / 深度上下限 / 分布范围
生态学
Benthic; 深度上下限 0 - 20 m (参考文献 349). Tropical; 32°N - 25°S, 45°E - 171°E (参考文献 81851)
Indo-Pacific: from Madagascar, Sri Lanka, Andaman and Nicobar Islands, to as far east as French Polynesia, north to southern Japan and Hawaii, and south to Australia.
首次成熟时的长度 / 大小 / 重量 / 年龄
成熟度: Lm ? range ? - ? cm Max length : 15.0 cm SHH 雄鱼/尚未辨别雌雄; (参考文献 349); common length : 11.0 cm SHL 雄鱼/尚未辨别雌雄; (参考文献 349)
Shell conical, large, thick and very heavy. Body whorl almost smooth, with concave sides above a protuding, acutely rounded and thickened periphery. Base shell flat. Aperture squarish. Colouration: shell off-white, with large irregular axial reddish stripes (Ref. 128042).
It is the most economically important gastropod species in the tropical West Pacific. It is both an important traditional food and a leading export item used as a source of mother-of-pearl material for buttons and jewelry. Many small sized artisanal fisheries for meat and shell exist in other islands of the area. Due to severe and frequent overfishing, management policies are often adopted and aquaculture trials are under way (Ref. 349). Maximum depth from Ref. 799. Typically found in shallow, high energy portions of barrier and reefs (Refs. 349, 128042). Feeds on filamentous algae and generally avoids bottoms of sand and living corals. Population density generally decreasing in deeper areas, while the mean size of individuals increases (Ref. 349).
生命周期和交配行为
成熟度 | 繁殖 | 产卵场 | 卵 | 孕卵数 | 仔鱼
Breeding period is marked by spring tides with external fertilization and nocturnal spawning.
主要参考文献
参考文献 | 合作者 | 合作者
Poutiers, J.M. 1998 Gastropods. p. 363-648. In Carpenter, K. E. and V. H. Niem. 1998. FAO species identification guide for fishery purposes. The living marine resources of the Western Central Pacific. Volume 1. Seaweeds, corals, bivalves, and gastropods. Rome, FAO. (参考文献 349)
世界自然保护联盟红皮书
(参考文献 130435: Version 2025-2 (Global))
Not Evaluated
Not Evaluated
对人类的威胁
Harmless
人类利用
渔业: 商业性
FAO - 渔业: 着陆 | FishSource | 周边海洋
工具
网络资源
基于模型的估算
首选温度
(Ref.
115969): 26.3 - 29.3, mean 28.7 (based on 2725 cells).
回复力
中等的, 族群倍增时间最少 1.4 - 4.4年 (K=0.19-0.36).
渔业脆弱性
Low to moderate vulnerability (33 of 100).
价格分类
Unknown.
Nutrients : Calcium = 126 [75, 177] mg/100g; Iron = 4.79 [1.67, 7.92] mg/100g; Protein = 15.9 [14.8, 16.9] %; Omega3 = 0.331 [0.263, 0.400] g/100g; Selenium = 57.8 [48.5, 67.2] μg/100g; VitaminA = 0 μg/100g; Zinc = 1.97 [0.92, 3.02] mg/100g (wet weight); based on
nutrient studies.
