Gastropoda | 
Littorinimorpha | 
Strombidae
			
			
			
				Environment: milieu / climate zone / ระดับความลึก / distribution range				
				
					นิเวศวิทยา				
				
			
			
				;  ระดับความลึก 0 - 24 m (อ้างอิง 349).  Tropical; 29°N -   29°S, 33°E -   126°W			
			
			
				
			
			
			
				Indo-Pacific:  from East Africa, India, Sri Lanka, Andaman and Nicobar Islands, east to southeast Asia and  Australia, as far east to French Polynesia and north to Japan.  Subtropical and tropical.
			
			
			
			
			
				Length at first maturity / ขนาด / Weight / Age
			
			
				วัยเจริญพันธุ์: Lm ?  range ? - ? cm Max length : 29.0 cm SHL เพศผู้/กระเทย; (อ้างอิง 349); common length : 18.0 cm SHL เพศผู้/กระเทย; (อ้างอิง 349)			
			
			
							
				
				
					
						Sexual dimorphism pronounced.  Shell of the males usually smaller and with shorter digitations on the outer lip.					
				
				
						
			
			
			
			
				
					Often collected for food by coastal populations, and the shell used in shellcraft (Ref. 349).  Maximum depth from Ref. 106336. Occurs at the low tide mark (Ref. 349), intertidal and found on subtidal reef and seagrass (Ref. 98588).  It is also found on sand, weeds near corals (Ref. 799), muddy areas (Ref. 97553), reef-flats, coral rubble bottoms or mangrove areas (Ref. 128042).  Shallowly burrows in sand or gravel.  Grazes on animal matter in the mud.  Also predominantly feeds on sand grains, polychaetes, bivalves and small crustaceans (Ref. 97553).				
			
			
			
			
			
				Life cycle and mating behavior				
					วัยเจริญพันธุ์ | การสืบพันธุ์ | การวางไข่ | Eggs | ความดกของไข่ | Larvae				
			
			
				
					Members of the order Neotaenioglossa are mostly gonochoric and broadcast spawners.  Life cycle:  Embryos develop into planktonic trocophore larvae and later into juvenile veligers before becoming fully grown adults.				
			
			
			
			
			
				Poutiers, J.M. 1998 Gastropods. p. 363-648. In Carpenter, K. E. and V. H. Niem. 1998. FAO species identification guide for fishery purposes. The living marine resources of the Western Central Pacific. Volume 1. Seaweeds, corals, bivalves, and gastropods. Rome, FAO. (อ้างอิง 349)
			
			
			
			
			
			
			
					
						IUCN Red List Status    
						 (อ้างอิง 130435: Version 2025-1)
					
					
					
				
			
			
			
			
				CITES status   (อ้างอิง 108899)
			
			
				
					Not Evaluated				
			
			
			
			
			
				CMS (อ้างอิง 116361)
			
			
				
					Not Evaluated				
			
			
			
			
			
				Threat to humans  
			
			
				
					  Harmless				
			
			
			
			
			
			
			
			
				Human uses  
			
			
				การประมง: การค้า			
			
			
				 | FishSource | ทะเลรอบๆเรา			
			
			
			
			
			
เครื่องมือ
			
			
			
			
				
					ข้อมูลเพิ่มเติม				
				
					 Population dynamicsการเจริญเติบโตMax. ages / sizesLength-weight rel.Length-length rel.Length-frequenciesMass conversionอุดมสมบรูณ์   Life cycleการสืบพันธุ์วัยเจริญพันธุ์ความดกของไข่การวางไข่EggsEgg developmentLarvae   Human RelatedStamps, coins, misc.
  
			 
			
			
			
				แหล่งที่มาจากอินเตอร์เน็ต
			
			
			
			
			
				Estimates based on models
			
			
			
									
						Preferred temperature  					
				 (Ref. 
115969): 25.2 - 29.3, mean 28.5 (based on 3353 cells).			
 
			
			
			
			
			
							
					 Prior r = 0.57, 95% CL = 0.37 - 0.85, Based on 1 data-limited stock assessment.				
						
							
				
					
						Fishing Vulnerability  					
					
					
						Low vulnerability (19 of 100).					
				
						
						
			
									
						Price category  					
					
					Unknown.			
			
			
				Nutrients  :  Calcium = 126 [75, 177]  mg/100g; Iron = 4.79 [1.67, 7.92]  mg/100g; Protein = 15.9 [14.8, 16.9] %; Omega3 = 0.331 [0.263, 0.400]  g/100g; Selenium = 57.8 [48.5, 67.2]  μg/100g; VitaminA = 0 μg/100g; Zinc = 1.97 [0.92, 3.02]  mg/100g (wet weight); based on 
nutrient studies.