Aves |
Charadriiformes |
Stercorariidae
Environment: milieu / climate zone / пределы глубины / distribution range
экология
пелагический. Polar
Indo-Pacific, Southwest Atlantic and Antarctic Atlantic. Subtropical to polar.
Length at first maturity / Size / Weight / Возраст
половая зрелость: Lm ? range ? - ? cm Max length : 53.0 cm TL самец/пол неопределен; (ссылка 8812); наибольший вес (опубликованные данные): 1.3 kg (ссылка 356)
Wing: 39.55 cm.
Wingspan: 127 cm (Ref. 8812). A pelagic, long-lived seabird. Breeds mainly along the coast and associated islands in the Antarctic continent, possibly extending inland in the South Shetland and South Orkney Islands; possibly the southernmost breeding bird in the world, recorded at Amundsen-Scott Station at the South Pole. In some localities, may be found nesting in sympatry with Brown Skuas (Stercorarius antarcticus) and notably feed exclusively at sea while Brown Skuas feed on land (Ref. 95073). However, where there is allopatric nesting, it forages both at sea and terrestrially, mainly on penguin eggs and chicks (Ref. 95081). Exhibits a variety of foraging tactics but feeds mainly on penguins and pelagic fish. First breeding at 7 to 9 years of age. Breeding pairs nest in areas without snow and ice; typically lays two eggs. Size of breeding colonies vary; the largest colony at Cape Crozier, Ross Island, with ca.1000 breeding pairs. At Cape Crozier, breeding span recorded at almost 16 years. Monogamous for multiple seasons and with high site-fidelity. Generally breed in association with Adelie Penguins and may be the only avian predator bearing a major impact on populations of breeding seabirds in the Antarctic (Ref. 95073).
Life cycle and mating behavior
половая зрелость | размножение | нерест | Eggs | Fecundity | Larvae
Основная ссылка
ссылки | координатор | соавторы
Harrison, P. 1983 Seabirds an identification guide. Houton Muffin Company 488pp. 1600 painted in full color 324 distribution maps. (ссылка 8812)
Статус Красного Списка МСОП
(ссылка 130435: Version 2025-1)
Статус СИТЕС (ссылка 108899)
Not Evaluated
CMS (ссылка 116361)
Not Evaluated
Угроза для людей
Использование человеком
| FishSource |
инструменты
дополнительная информация
Population dynamicsростMax. ages / sizesLength-weight rel.Length-length rel.Размерный составMass conversionчисленность Life cycleразмножение
половая зрелость
Fecundity
нерест
Eggs
Развитие икры
Larvae
PhysiologyOxygen consumption
Human RelatedStamps, coins, misc.
ресурсы в Интернет
Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature
(Ref.
115969): 0.2 - 18.2, mean 6.4 (based on 1318 cells).
устойчивость к внешним воздействиям
высокий, минимальное время удвоения популяции до 15 месяцев (K=10.07-40.21).
Fishing Vulnerability
Moderate vulnerability (41 of 100).
Категория цены
Unknown.
