Aves |
Charadriiformes |
Stercorariidae
Environment: milieu / climate zone / تغييرات عمق / distribution range
بوم شناسي
سطح زی. Polar
Indo-Pacific, Southwest Atlantic and Antarctic Atlantic. Subtropical to polar.
Length at first maturity / Size / Weight / سن
بلوغ: Lm ? range ? - ? cm Max length : 53.0 cm TL جنس نر / بدون خواص جنسي; (مرجع 8812); بيشينه وزن گزارش شده: 1.3 kg (مرجع 356)
Wing: 39.55 cm.
Wingspan: 127 cm (Ref. 8812). A pelagic, long-lived seabird. Breeds mainly along the coast and associated islands in the Antarctic continent, possibly extending inland in the South Shetland and South Orkney Islands; possibly the southernmost breeding bird in the world, recorded at Amundsen-Scott Station at the South Pole. In some localities, may be found nesting in sympatry with Brown Skuas (Stercorarius antarcticus) and notably feed exclusively at sea while Brown Skuas feed on land (Ref. 95073). However, where there is allopatric nesting, it forages both at sea and terrestrially, mainly on penguin eggs and chicks (Ref. 95081). Exhibits a variety of foraging tactics but feeds mainly on penguins and pelagic fish. First breeding at 7 to 9 years of age. Breeding pairs nest in areas without snow and ice; typically lays two eggs. Size of breeding colonies vary; the largest colony at Cape Crozier, Ross Island, with ca.1000 breeding pairs. At Cape Crozier, breeding span recorded at almost 16 years. Monogamous for multiple seasons and with high site-fidelity. Generally breed in association with Adelie Penguins and may be the only avian predator bearing a major impact on populations of breeding seabirds in the Antarctic (Ref. 95073).
Life cycle and mating behavior
بلوغ | تولید مثل | تخم ریزی | Eggs | Fecundity | Larvae
مآخذ اصلی
مراجع | هماهنگ كننده | همكاران
Harrison, P. 1983 Seabirds an identification guide. Houton Muffin Company 488pp. 1600 painted in full color 324 distribution maps. (مرجع 8812)
وضعيت در فهرست قرمز IUCN
(مرجع 130435: Version 2025-1)
وضعيت از نظر سايتس (مرجع 108899)
Not Evaluated
Not Evaluated
خطر برای انسان ها
استفاده انسانی
| FishSource |
ابزارها
اطلاعات بيشتر
Population dynamicsرشدMax. ages / sizesLength-weight rel.Length-length rel.نوسانات طولیMass conversionفراواني Life cycleتولید مثل
بلوغ
Fecundity
تخم ریزی
Eggs
نمو تخم
Larvae
PhysiologyOxygen consumption
Human RelatedStamps, coins, misc.
منابع اينترنتي
Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature
(Ref.
115969): 0.2 - 18.2, mean 6.4 (based on 1318 cells).
جهندگی
زياد, كمينه زمان لازم براي دو برابر شدن جمعيت ، كمتر از 15 ماه (K=10.07-40.21).
Fishing Vulnerability
Moderate vulnerability (41 of 100).
طبقه قيمت
Unknown.
