Aves |
Sphenisciformes |
Spheniscidae
Environment: milieu / climate zone / djupintervall / distribution range
Ekologi
. Polar
Indo-Pacific, Atlantic Ocean and the Antarctic. Subtropical to polar.
Length at first maturity / Size / Weight / Age
Könsmognad: Lm ? range ? - ? cm Max length : 55.0 cm TL hane/ej könsbestämd; (Ref. 91362); common length : 55.0 cm TL hane/ej könsbestämd; (Ref. 8812); publicerad maxvikt: 2.8 kg (Ref. 356)
Culmen: 4.255 cm; tarsus: 1.94 cm.
This species is gregarious, noisy and quarrelsome, and it is known to breed in huge colonies on steep cliffs (Ref. 91362). Pursuit diving (Ref. 356).
Life cycle and mating behavior
Könsmognad | Reproduktion | Lek | Eggs | Fecundity | Larvae
Cherel, Y., C.-A. Bost, C. Guinet and H. Weimerskirch 2005 Feeding habits of seabirds and marine mammals of the Kerguelen Archipelago. pp. 31-36 In Palomares, M.L.D., Pruvost, P., Pitcher, T.J., Pauly, D. (eds.) Modeling Antarctic marine ecosystems. Fisheries Centre Research Reports 13(7). Fisheries Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada. (Ref. 89128)
IUCN Red List Status
(Ref. 130435: Version 2025-1)
CITES status (Ref. 108899)
Not Evaluated
Not Evaluated
Threat to humans
Human uses
| FishSource |
Verktyg
Ytterligare information
Population dynamicsTillväxtMax. ages / sizesLength-weight rel.Length-length rel.Length-frequenciesMass conversionAbundans Life cycleReproduktion
Könsmognad
Fecundity
Lek
Eggs
Egg development
Larvae
PhysiologySyreförbrukning
Human RelatedStamps, coins, misc.
Internet-källor
Estimates based on models
Resiliens
Hög, lägsta populationsfördubblingstid mindre än 15 månader (K=5.93).
Fishing Vulnerability
Moderate vulnerability (42 of 100).
Price category
Unknown.
