Aves | 
Charadriiformes | 
Alcidae
			
			
			
				Environment: milieu / climate zone / تغييرات عمق / distribution range				
				
					بوم شناسي				
				
			
			
				سطح زی;  تغييرات عمق 0 - 29 m (مرجع 62200).  Subtropical; 72°N -   38°N, 133°E -   126°W (مرجع 125423)			
			
			
				
			
			
			
				Pacific Ocean and the Arctic.  From Chukchi Sea and Alaska, south to Kuril Is. west to Japan and Russia and east to California. Subtropical to polar.
			
			
			
			
			
				Length at first maturity / Size / Weight / سن
			
			
				بلوغ: Lm ?  range ? - ? cm Max length : 41.0 cm TL جنس نر / بدون خواص جنسي; (مرجع 8812); بيشينه وزن گزارش شده: 619.00 g (مرجع 356)			
			
			
							
				
				
					
						Culmen: 4.83 cm; tarsus: 3.07 cm; wing: 18.97 cm.					
				
				
						
			
			
			
			
				
					Total Length:  36 to 41 cm; Wingspan:  56 to 58 cm (Ref. 8812).  With sperm-storage glands allowing delayed fertilization of ovum (Ref. 87784). Plunge diver; continental shelf; <100 km (Ref. 356).  As in all seabirds, copulation takes place ashore and the presence sperm-storage glands allow delayed fertilization of ovum out at sea.  Vulnerable to oil spill as a piscivore; saw 50% decline in population from 1989 in Prince William Sound after the Exxon Valdez oil spill (Ref. 87784). Nests on rock crevices and cliffs (Ref. 62200).				
			
			
			
			
			
				Life cycle and mating behavior				
					بلوغ | تولید مثل | تخم ریزی | Eggs | Fecundity | Larvae				
			
			
				
									
			
			
			
			
				مآخذ اصلی  				
					مراجع | هماهنگ كننده | همكاران
				
			
			
				Harding, A.M.A., J.F. Piatt and K.C. Hamer 2003 Breeding ecology of Horned Puffins (Fratercula corniculata) in Alaska: annual variation and effects of El Nino. Can. J. Zool. 81:1004-1013. (مرجع 6483)
			
			
			
			
			
			
			
					
						وضعيت در فهرست قرمز IUCN    
						 (مرجع 130435: Version 2025-1)
					
					
					
				
			
			
			
			
				وضعيت از نظر سايتس   (مرجع 108899)
			
			
				
					Not Evaluated				
			
			
			
			
			
			
				
					Not Evaluated				
			
			
			
			
			
				خطر برای انسان ها  
			
			
				
									
			
			
			
			
			
			
			
			
				استفاده انسانی  
			
			
							
			
			
				 | FishSource | 			
			
			
			
			
			
ابزارها
			
			
			
			
				
					اطلاعات بيشتر				
				
					 Population dynamicsرشدMax. ages / sizesLength-weight rel.Length-length rel.نوسانات طولیMass conversionفراواني   Life cycleتولید مثل
بلوغ
Fecundity
تخم ریزی
Eggs
نمو  تخم
Larvae
  PhysiologyOxygen consumption
  Human RelatedStamps, coins, misc.
  
			 
			
			
			
				منابع اينترنتي
			
			
			
			
			
				Estimates based on models
			
			
			
									
						Preferred temperature  					
				 (Ref. 
115969): 0.2 - 10.2, mean 2.6 (based on 759 cells).			
 
			
			
			
							
					جهندگی  				
				
				
					زياد, كمينه زمان لازم براي دو برابر شدن جمعيت ، كمتر از 15 ماه (K=30.34-40.35).				
			
			
						
							
				
					
						Fishing Vulnerability  					
					
					
						Low to moderate vulnerability (31 of 100).					
				
						
						
			
									
						طبقه قيمت  					
					
					Unknown.