Gastropoda |
Littorinimorpha |
Littorinidae
Environment: milieu / climate zone / пределы глубины / distribution range
экология
; солоноватоводный; пределы глубины 0 - 60 m (ссылка 83435). Temperate, preferred 11°C (ссылка 107945); 81°N - 22°N, 55°W - 58°E (ссылка 83435)
Northeast Atlantic: from west Greenland to Kandalaksha Bay, White Sea, down to Portugal. Said to occur in the Mediterranean during the Pleistocene with records up to the Persian Gulf. Distribution in Iceland possibly true due to its occurrence up to west Greenland. Temperate to polar.
Length at first maturity / Size / Weight / Возраст
половая зрелость: Lm ?, range 1 - 1.4 cm Max length : 4.2 cm DL самец/пол неопределен; (ссылка 83435); наибольший возраст (опубликованны данные): 5 годы (ссылка 2823)
Found in intertidal and subtidal flats (Refs. 2823, 106899). In shallow and deep subtidal mussel beds of Mytilus edulis. Occurs in both hard substrates and in soft bottoms, particularly on stones, boulders, on muddy and sandy tidal flats. Also macrophytes such as Fucus and Zostera spp. Herbivorous grazer, feeding on microalgal films (diatoms) from the shell surfaces of mussels, sporelings of ephemeral algae and young barnacles (Ref. 106899).
Life cycle and mating behavior
половая зрелость | размножение | нерест | Eggs | Fecundity | Larvae
Broadcast spawner.
Основная ссылка
ссылки | координатор | соавторы
Healy, B. 1997 Long-term changes in a brackish lagoon, Lady's Island Lake, South-east Ireland. Biology and Environment: Proceedings of the Royal Irish Academy. 97B(1):33-51. (ссылка 2779)
Статус Красного Списка МСОП
(ссылка 130435: Version 2025-1)
Статус СИТЕС (ссылка 108899)
Not Evaluated
CMS (ссылка 116361)
Not Evaluated
Угроза для людей
Использование человеком
рыболовство: коммерческий
FAO - рыболовство: landings | FishSource | Sea Around Us
инструменты
дополнительная информация
PhysiologyOxygen consumption
Human RelatedStamps, coins, misc.
ресурсы в Интернет
Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature
(Ref.
115969): 11.6 - 15.4, mean 12.4 (based on 72 cells).
Fishing Vulnerability
Low vulnerability (22 of 100).
Climate Vulnerability
High to very high vulnerability (72 of 100).
Nutrients : Calcium = 126 [75, 177] mg/100g; Iron = 4.79 [1.67, 7.92] mg/100g; Protein = 15.9 [14.8, 16.9] %; Omega3 = 0.331 [0.263, 0.400] g/100g; Selenium = 57.8 [48.5, 67.2] μg/100g; VitaminA = 0 μg/100g; Zinc = 1.97 [0.92, 3.02] mg/100g (wet weight); based on
nutrient studies.
