Echinoidea | 
Camarodonta | 
Parechinidae
			
			
			
				Environment: milieu / climate zone / djupintervall / distribution range				
				
					Ekologi				
				
			
			
				;  djupintervall 0 - 340 m (Ref. 87801).  Subtropical, preferred 13°C (Ref. 107945); 6°S -   55°S, 82°W -   58°W (Ref. 101470)			
			
			
				
			
			
			
				South America:  from northern Chile, to Tierra del Fuego up to 37°S and Port William, Falkland Islands in the east.
			
			
			
			
			
				Length at first maturity / Size / Weight / Age
			
			
				Könsmognad: Lm ?  range ? - ? cm Max length : 15.0 cm WD hane/ej könsbestämd; (Ref. 87801)			
			
			
						
			
			
			
			
				
					Fished along Chilean coasts since the 1960's and has been used as a food source since pre-Columbian times. It is found on rocky substrates from the intertidal to a depth of 340 m, and it feeds on Macrocystis sp. (Ref. 87801).				
			
			
			
			
			
				Life cycle and mating behavior				
					Könsmognad | Reproduktion | Lek | Eggs | Fecundity | Larvae				
			
			
				
					Members of the class Echinoidea are gonochoric.  Fertilization is external.  Brooding is common, eggs are held either on the peristome, around the periproct or deep into the concavities on the petaloids.  Life cycle:  Embryos develop into planktotrophic larvae (echinoplateus) and live for several months before they sink to the bottom using their tube feet to adhere on the ground where they metamorphose into young urchins.				
			
			
			
			
			
				MarineSpecies.org 2050 MarineSpecies.org. http://www.marinespecies.org/index.php (Ref. 3477)
			
			
			
			
			
			
			
					
						IUCN Red List Status    
						 (Ref. 130435: Version 2025-1)
					
					
					
				
			
			
			
			
				CITES status   (Ref. 108899)
			
			
				
					Not Evaluated				
			
			
			
			
			
			
				
					Not Evaluated				
			
			
			
			
			
				Threat to humans  
			
			
				
					  Harmless				
			
			
			
			
			
			
			
			
				Human uses  
			
			
				Fiskeri: kommersiell			
			
			
				FAO - fiskeri: landings, species profile | FishSource | Sea Around Us			
			
			
			
			
			
Verktyg
			
			
			
			
				
					Ytterligare information				
				
					 PhysiologySyreförbrukning
  Human RelatedStamps, coins, misc.
  
			 
			
			
			
				Internet-källor
			
			
			
			
			
				Estimates based on models
			
			
			
									
						Preferred temperature  					
				 (Ref. 
115969): 5.1 - 14.4, mean 7.5 (based on 408 cells).			
 
			
			
			
			
			
							
					 Prior r = 0.57, 95% CL = 0.37 - 0.85, Based on 1 data-limited stock assessment.				
						
							
				
					
						Fishing Vulnerability  					
					
					
						Low vulnerability (10 of 100).					
				
						
							
					
						Climate Vulnerability  					
					
					Moderate to high vulnerability (52 of 100).				
						
			
							
			
			
				Nutrients  :  Calcium = 126 [75, 177]  mg/100g; Iron = 5.08 [1.67, 7.92]  mg/100g; Protein = 12%; Omega3 = 0.331 [0.263, 0.400]  g/100g; Selenium = 0.04 [48.48, 67.17]  μg/100g; VitaminA = 0 μg/100g; Zinc = 1.97 [0.92, 3.02]  mg/100g (wet weight); based on 
nutrient studies.