Echinoidea | 
Camarodonta | 
Parechinidae
			
			
			
				Environment: milieu / climate zone / пределы глубины / distribution range				
				
					экология				
				
			
			
				;  пределы глубины 0 - 340 m (ссылка 87801).  Subtropical, preferred 13°C (ссылка 107945); 6°S -   55°S, 82°W -   58°W (ссылка 101470)			
			
			
				
			
			
			
				South America:  from northern Chile, to Tierra del Fuego up to 37°S and Port William, Falkland Islands in the east.
			
			
			
			
			
				Length at first maturity / Size / Weight / Возраст
			
			
				половая зрелость: Lm ?  range ? - ? cm Max length : 15.0 cm WD самец/пол неопределен; (ссылка 87801)			
			
			
						
			
			
			
			
				
					Fished along Chilean coasts since the 1960's and has been used as a food source since pre-Columbian times. It is found on rocky substrates from the intertidal to a depth of 340 m, and it feeds on Macrocystis sp. (Ref. 87801).				
			
			
			
			
			
			
				
					Members of the class Echinoidea are gonochoric.  Fertilization is external.  Brooding is common, eggs are held either on the peristome, around the periproct or deep into the concavities on the petaloids.  Life cycle:  Embryos develop into planktotrophic larvae (echinoplateus) and live for several months before they sink to the bottom using their tube feet to adhere on the ground where they metamorphose into young urchins.				
			
			
			
			
				Основная ссылка  				
					ссылки | координатор | соавторы
				
			
			
				MarineSpecies.org 2050 MarineSpecies.org. http://www.marinespecies.org/index.php (ссылка 3477)
			
			
			
			
			
			
			
					
						Статус Красного Списка МСОП    
						 (ссылка 130435: Version 2025-1)
					
					
					
				
			
			
			
			
				Статус СИТЕС   (ссылка 108899)
			
			
				
					Not Evaluated				
			
			
			
			
			
				CMS (ссылка 116361)
			
			
				
					Not Evaluated				
			
			
			
			
			
				Угроза для людей  
			
			
				
					  Harmless				
			
			
			
			
			
			
			
			
				Использование человеком  
			
			
				рыболовство: коммерческий			
			
			
				FAO - рыболовство: landings, Видовой профиль | FishSource | Sea Around Us			
			
			
			
			
			
инструменты
			
			
			
			
				
					дополнительная информация				
				
					 PhysiologyOxygen consumption
  Human RelatedStamps, coins, misc.
  
			 
			
			
			
				ресурсы в Интернет
			
			
			
			
			
				Estimates based on models
			
			
			
									
						Preferred temperature  					
				 (Ref. 
115969): 5.1 - 14.4, mean 7.5 (based on 408 cells).			
 
			
			
			
			
			
							
					 Prior r = 0.57, 95% CL = 0.37 - 0.85, Based on 1 data-limited stock assessment.				
						
							
				
					
						Fishing Vulnerability  					
					
					
						Low vulnerability (10 of 100).					
				
						
							
					
						Climate Vulnerability  					
					
					Moderate to high vulnerability (52 of 100).				
						
			
							
			
			
				Nutrients  :  Calcium = 126 [75, 177]  mg/100g; Iron = 5.08 [1.67, 7.92]  mg/100g; Protein = 12%; Omega3 = 0.331 [0.263, 0.400]  g/100g; Selenium = 0.04 [48.48, 67.17]  μg/100g; VitaminA = 0 μg/100g; Zinc = 1.97 [0.92, 3.02]  mg/100g (wet weight); based on 
nutrient studies.