Aves |
Charadriiformes |
Alcidae
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
Ecology
Pelagic; depth range 0 - 29 m (Ref. 62200). Subtropical; 72°N - 38°N, 133°E - 126°W (Ref. 125423)
Pacific Ocean and the Arctic. From Chukchi Sea and Alaska, south to Kuril Is. west to Japan and Russia and east to California. Subtropical to polar.
Length at first maturity / Size / Weight / Age
Maturity: Lm ? range ? - ? cm Max length : 41.0 cm TL male/unsexed; (Ref. 8812); max. published weight: 619.00 g (Ref. 356)
Culmen: 4.83 cm; tarsus: 3.07 cm; wing: 18.97 cm.
Total Length: 36 to 41 cm; Wingspan: 56 to 58 cm (Ref. 8812). With sperm-storage glands allowing delayed fertilization of ovum (Ref. 87784). Plunge diver; continental shelf; <100 km (Ref. 356). As in all seabirds, copulation takes place ashore and the presence sperm-storage glands allow delayed fertilization of ovum out at sea. Vulnerable to oil spill as a piscivore; saw 50% decline in population from 1989 in Prince William Sound after the Exxon Valdez oil spill (Ref. 87784). Nests on rock crevices and cliffs (Ref. 62200).
Life cycle and mating behavior
Maturity | Reproduction | Spawning | Eggs | Fecundity | Larvae
Harding, A.M.A., J.F. Piatt and K.C. Hamer. 2003. (Ref. 6483)
IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 130435)
CITES status (Ref. 108899)
Not Evaluated
Not Evaluated
Threat to humans
Human uses
| FishSource |
Tools
Internet sources
Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature
(Ref.
115969): 0.2 - 10.2, mean 2.6 (based on 759 cells).
Resilience
High, minimum population doubling time less than 15 months (K=30.34-40.35).
Vulnerability
Low to moderate vulnerability (31 of 100).
Price category
Unknown.
