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Charadriiformes |
Alcidae
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
Οικολογία
Πελαγικό(ά); εύρος βάθους 0 - 29 m (Ref. 62200). Subtropical; 72°N - 38°N, 133°E - 126°W (Ref. 125423)
Pacific Ocean and the Arctic. From Chukchi Sea and Alaska, south to Kuril Is. west to Japan and Russia and east to California. Subtropical to polar.
Length at first maturity / Μέγεθος / Βάρος / Age
Maturity: Lm ? range ? - ? cm Max length : 41.0 cm TL αρσενικό/απροσδιόριστο; (Ref. 8812); μεγ. δημοσιευμένο βάρος: 619.00 g (Ref. 356)
Culmen: 4.83 cm; tarsus: 3.07 cm; wing: 18.97 cm.
Total Length: 36 to 41 cm; Wingspan: 56 to 58 cm (Ref. 8812). With sperm-storage glands allowing delayed fertilization of ovum (Ref. 87784). Plunge diver; continental shelf; <100 km (Ref. 356). As in all seabirds, copulation takes place ashore and the presence sperm-storage glands allow delayed fertilization of ovum out at sea. Vulnerable to oil spill as a piscivore; saw 50% decline in population from 1989 in Prince William Sound after the Exxon Valdez oil spill (Ref. 87784). Nests on rock crevices and cliffs (Ref. 62200).
Life cycle and mating behavior
Γεννητική Ωρίμανση | Αναπαραγωγή | Γεννοβολία | Αβγά | Γονιμότητα | Προνύμφες
Harding, A.M.A., J.F. Piatt and K.C. Hamer. 2003. (Ref. 6483)
IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 130435)
CITES status (Ref. 108899)
Not Evaluated
Not Evaluated
Threat to humans
Human uses
| FishSource |
Εργαλεία
Διαδικτυακές πηγές
Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature
(Ref.
115969): 0.2 - 10.2, mean 2.6 (based on 759 cells).
Ελαστικότητα
Υψηλό, ελάχιστος χρόνος για διπλασιασμό πληθυσμού < 15 μήνες (K=30.34-40.35).
Vulnerability
Low to moderate vulnerability (31 of 100).
Price category
Unknown.
