Aves |
Pelecaniformes |
Phalacrocoracidae
Environment: milieu / climate zone / djupintervall / distribution range
Ekologi
. Subtropical; 67°N - 27°N, 26°W - 40°E (Ref. 125423)
Arctic, Northeast Atlantic and the Mediterranean. Subtropical to polar.
Length at first maturity / Size / Weight / Age
Könsmognad: Lm ? range ? - ? cm Max length : 72.0 cm TL hane/ej könsbestämd; (Ref. 84934); publicerad maxvikt: 1.6 kg (Ref. 356)
Culmen: 5.67 cm; tarsus: 6.34 cm; wing: 26.45 cm.
In the North Sea off the east coast of Scotland and northern England, this species primarily forage inshore and breeding birds only spend approx. 30% of daylight period at sea, feeding primarily on the sandeel, Ammodytes marinus. They surface-feed by scooping prey from the water and also able to exploit the water column by diving. They form nesting colonies with breeding pairs sharing incubation and chick-rearing duties. Adults feed their chicks with regurgitated food (Ref. 95711).
Life cycle and mating behavior
Könsmognad | Reproduktion | Lek | Eggs | Fecundity | Larvae
Amundsen, T. and J.N. Stokland 1990 Egg size and parental quality influence nestling growth in the shag. The Auk 107:410-413. (Ref. 91589)
IUCN Red List Status
(Ref. 130435: Version 2025-1)
CITES status (Ref. 108899)
Not Evaluated
Not Evaluated
Threat to humans
Human uses
| FishSource |
Verktyg
Ytterligare information
Population dynamicsTillväxtMax. ages / sizesLength-weight rel.Length-length rel.Length-frequenciesMass conversionAbundans Life cycleReproduktion
Könsmognad
Fecundity
Lek
Eggs
Egg development
Larvae
PhysiologySyreförbrukning
Human RelatedStamps, coins, misc.
Internet-källor
Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature
(Ref.
115969): 6.5 - 19.6, mean 12.3 (based on 985 cells).
Resiliens
Hög, lägsta populationsfördubblingstid mindre än 15 månader (K=14.9-42.87).
Fishing Vulnerability
Moderate to high vulnerability (49 of 100).
Price category
Unknown.
