Aves |
Pelecaniformes |
Phalacrocoracidae
Environment: milieu / climate zone / Mức độ sâu / distribution range
Sinh thái học
; Nước ngọt; Thuộc về nước lợ. Tropical
Western Atlantic and Eastern Pacific. Tropical to boreal.
Length at first maturity / Bộ gần gũi / Weight / Age
Chín muồi sinh dục: Lm ? range ? - ? cm Max length : 90.0 cm TL con đực/không giới tính; (Tài liệu tham khảo 94965); Khối lượng cực đại được công bố: 2.6 kg (Tài liệu tham khảo 356)
Goose-sized; black overall; long neck and tail; has webbed feet that connects its four toes, allowing it to cling to rocky cliffs and feed on shoaling fish (Ref. 94965).
A coastal species found <50 km offshore (Ref. 356). Nests in the interior of the North American continent and along the coast (Ref. 63805); on unvegetated, rocky outcroppings (Ref. 95237). Are common to abundant winter residents in freshwater and estuarine habitats in the state of Texas (Ref. 95239). Started to colonize the Great Lakes at the beginning of this century, on Lake Superior in 1913-20, and Lake Huron in 1932, returning each season and nesting from April until late September where they form dense colonies in trees or on the ground on small rocky islands. Lake Ontario supported 24% of the breeding population in 1991, and the largest colony of 5,428 nests on Little Galloo Island. Most begin to breed at 3 years of age (Ref. 95240). An opportunistic feeder (Ref. 95224). Exhibits plunge diving (Ref. 356). Generally preys on fish, often feeding in shallow waters (Ref. 95238). Feeds in river estuaries; on out-migrating juvenile salmonids (Oncorhynchus spp.) in the Columbia Basin (Ref. 95220); on alewife (Alosa pseudoharengus) and southeastern catfish (Ictalurus punctatus) (Ref. 95237); on crayfish (Orconectes sp.) (Ref. 95238); on shad (Dorosoma spp.) and sunfishes (Lepomis spp.) (Ref. 60211); on striped mullet (Mugil cephalus) and Gulf menhaden (Brevoortia patronus) in Lavaca Bay; striped mullet and Gulf toadfish (Opsanus beta) in upper Laguna Madre; typically targetting benthic fish or small schooling fishes and forage species (Ref. 95239). Average flight speed recorded at 61 km/h. (Ref. 95241). Preyed on by the bald eagle, Haliateeus leucocephalus (Ref. 95220).
Life cycle and mating behavior
Chín muồi sinh dục | Sự tái sinh sản | Đẻ trứng | Eggs | Sự sinh sản | Larvae
Lepage, D. 2007 Avibase -the World Bird Database. http://www.bsc-eoc.org/avibase/avibase.jsp [accessed 09/07/2007]. (Tài liệu tham khảo 7816)
IUCN Red List Status
(Tài liệu tham khảo 130435: Version 2025-1)
CITES status (Tài liệu tham khảo 108899)
Not Evaluated
CMS (Tài liệu tham khảo 116361)
Not Evaluated
Threat to humans
Human uses
| FishSource |
Các công cụ
Thêm thông tin
Life cycleSự tái sinh sản
Chín muồi sinh dục
Sự sinh sản
Đẻ trứng
Eggs
Egg development
Larvae
PhysiologyThành phần ô-xy
Human RelatedStamps, coins, misc.
Các nguồn internet
Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature
(Ref.
115969): 4.5 - 28.1, mean 12.2 (based on 1418 cells).
Thích nghi nhanh
Chiêù cao, thời gian nhân đôi của chủng quần tối thiểu là dưới 15 tháng (K=9.28-23.13).
Fishing Vulnerability
High vulnerability (56 of 100).
