Bivalvia |
Cardiida |
Cardiidae
Environment: milieu / climate zone / εύρος βάθους / distribution range
Οικολογία
; εύρος βάθους 0 - 35 m (Αναφ. 75831). Tropical; 23°C - 30°C (Αναφ. 102835); 38°N - 29°S, 92°E - 178°W
Indo-Pacific: from Myanmar then east to Wallis and Futuna, north to Japan and south to western Australia. Introduced beyond Wallis and Futuna in the Pacific.
Length at first maturity / Μέγεθος / Weight / Age
Γεννητική Ωρίμανση: Lm ?, range 25 - 35 cm Max length : 137 cm SHL αρσενικό/απροσδιόριστο; (Αναφ. 99323); common length : 80.0 cm SHL αρσενικό/απροσδιόριστο; (Αναφ. 348); μεγ. δημοσιευμένο βάρος: 500.0 kg (Αναφ. 81839)
It is white and fan-shaped with deep radiating ribs.
Known to be the largest bivalve mollusks that exist. Exploited for its meat and shell, this species has recently become nearly extinct within an important part of its range, due to over collecting. Trials of aquaculture under progress for the restocking of reefs and local farming (Ref. 348). Facultative planktotroph. It has an established symbiotic relationship with a dinoflagellate algae (zooxanthellae) which allows them to survive. It ingests the algae at an early stage and the latter propagates in the gut (Ref. 100719).
Becomes simultaneous hermaphrodite in its later years. Spawning is seasonal, based on its northern and southern limits of distribution (Ref. 100714).
SAUP Database 2006 SAUP Database. www.seaaroundus.org. (Αναφ. 356)
IUCN Red List Status
(Αναφ. 130435: Version 2025-1)
CITES status (Αναφ. 108899)
Not Evaluated
Threat to humans
Human uses
αλιεία: Εμπορικό(ά); Υδατοκαλλιέργειες: Εμπορικό(ά)
FAO - Υδατοκαλλιέργειες: production; | FishSource | Η θάλασσα γύρω μας
Εργαλεία
Περισσότερες πληροφορίες
PhysiologyΚατανάλωση οξυγόνου
Human RelatedStamps, coins, misc.
Διαδικτυακές πηγές
Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature
(Ref.
115969): 24.8 - 29.3, mean 28.6 (based on 2805 cells).
Ελαστικότητα
Χαμηλό, ελάχιστος χρόνος για διπλασιασμό πληθυσμού 4,5 - 14 έτη (K=0.07-0.2).
Fishing Vulnerability
High to very high vulnerability (73 of 100).
Price category
Unknown.
Nutrients : Calcium = 149 [71, 228] mg/100g; Iron = 8.53 [1.95, 15.11] mg/100g; Protein = 9.88 [8.64, 11.12] %; Omega3 = 0.313 [0.202, 0.423] g/100g; Selenium = 61 [50, 72] μg/100g; VitaminA = 0 μg/100g; Zinc = 2.04 [0.56, 3.51] mg/100g (wet weight); based on
nutrient studies.
