Aves |
Charadriiformes |
Laridae
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
Ecology
Others. Temperate
Distribution
Countries | FAO areas | Ecosystems | Occurrences | Introductions
Eastern Pacific and Western Atlantic.
Length at first maturity / Size / Weight / Age
Maturity: Lm ? range ? - ? cm Max length : 53.0 cm TL male/unsexed; (Ref. 8812); max. published weight: 640.00 g (Ref. 356)
Culmen: 4.37 cm; wing: 34.7 cm.
Total Length: 46 to 53 cm; Wingspan: 117 to 124 cm (Ref. 8812). Coastal; <50km (Ref. 356). Use various behavioral methods to thermoregulate such as neck extension, panting and gaping, elevation of feathers and/or scapulars, feather fluffing, beak tucking under scapular, wing drooping, tail tilting, etc. Egg neglect, while parents forage, was observed; eggs left at night run the risk of chilling causing the embryo's heart to stop beating (Ref. 87784). Displays surface-plunging and dipping (Ref. 356).
Life cycle and mating behavior
Maturity | Reproduction | Spawning | Eggs | Fecundity | Larvae
SAUP Database 2006 SAUP Database. www.seaaroundus.org. (Ref. 356)
IUCN Red List Status
(Ref. 130435: Version 2025-1)
CITES status (Ref. 108899)
Not Evaluated
Not Evaluated
Threat to humans
Human uses
| FishSource |
Tools
More information
Population dynamicsGrowth
Max. ages / sizes
Length-weight rel.
Length-length rel.
Length-frequencies
Mass conversion
Abundance
Life cycleReproduction
Maturity
Fecundity
Spawning
Eggs
Egg development
Larvae
PhysiologyOxygen consumption
Human RelatedStamps, coins, misc.
Internet sources
Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature
(Ref.
115969): 9.1 - 12.1, mean 10.3 (based on 156 cells).
Fishing Vulnerability
Moderate vulnerability (41 of 100).
Price category
Unknown.
