Aves |
Charadriiformes |
Laridae
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
Ecology
Others. Temperate
Eastern Pacific, Western Atlantic and the Arctic. Polar to tropical.
Length at first maturity / Size / Weight / Age
Maturity: Lm ? range ? - ? cm Max length : 58.0 cm TL male/unsexed; (Ref. 8812); max. published weight: 607.00 g (Ref. 356)
Culmen: 5.0 cm; wing: 39.9 cm.
Total Length: 51 to 58 cm; Wingspan: 122 to 140 cm (Ref. 8812). Coastal; <60 km (Ref. 356). Nest of simple construction. Despite risk of thermal stress on embryos and very young chicks, nests near shores of islands to be able to more easily detect predators, provides hiding places for small chicks, and ready escape routes for larger members. Stomach contents of Mono Lake population found with osmolalities of ca. 635 mosmo/kg, like their brine shrimp prey and just 25% as concentrated as the lake water, may be attributed to minimal intake of hypersaline waters; although unnecessary in maintenance of osmotic balance, observed to habitually visit freshwater sources along lake shore (Ref. 87784). Exhibits dipping and paddling (Ref. 356).
Life cycle and mating behavior
Maturity | Reproduction | Spawning | Eggs | Fecundity | Larvae
SAUP Database 2006 SAUP Database. www.seaaroundus.org. (Ref. 356)
IUCN Red List Status
(Ref. 130435: Version 2025-1)
CITES status (Ref. 108899)
Not Evaluated
Not Evaluated
Threat to humans
Human uses
| FishSource |
Tools
More information
Life cycleReproduction
Maturity
Fecundity
Spawning
Eggs
Egg development
Larvae
PhysiologyOxygen consumption
Human RelatedStamps, coins, misc.
Internet sources
Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature
(Ref.
115969): 6.1 - 25, mean 9.7 (based on 479 cells).
Fishing Vulnerability
Moderate vulnerability (43 of 100).
Price category
Unknown.
