Aves |
Charadriiformes |
Laridae
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
Ecology
Others. Tropical
Indo-Pacific and Atlantic Ocean
Length at first maturity / Size / Weight / Age
Maturity: Lm ? range ? - ? cm Max length : 33.0 cm TL male/unsexed; (Ref. 8812); max. published weight: 160.00 g (Ref. 356)
Culmen: 3.2 cm; tarsus: 1.44 cm; wing: 25.2 cm.
Total Length: 28 to 33 cm; Wingspan: 70 to 87 cm (Ref. 8812). Coastal (Ref. 356). Exclusively marine. Breeds at many tropical and subtropical oceanic islands (Ref. 91362). Solitary breeder; uniquely, lays a single egg on tree branch without any nest. Inquisitive; hovers around nest site in presence of human intruders (Ref. 91362). Exhibits dipping behavior (Ref. 356) or surface diving (Ref. 122680). Feeds mainly on fish (Refs. 81748, 122680) driven to the surface by large, predatory fish (Ref. 122680). Diet consists mostly of juvenile goatfish and flying fish (Ref. 122680).
Life cycle and mating behavior
Maturity | Reproduction | Spawning | Eggs | Fecundity | Larvae
Stiles, F.G. 1984 Status and conservation of seabirds in Costa Rican waters. In Croxall, J.P., Evans, P.G.H. and Schreiber, R.W. (eds.), Status and Conservation of the World's Seabirds. ICBP Technical Publication 2:223-229. (Ref. 5856)
IUCN Red List Status
(Ref. 130435: Version 2025-1)
CITES status (Ref. 108899)
Not Evaluated
Not Evaluated
Threat to humans
Human uses
| FishSource |
Tools
More information
Population dynamicsGrowthMax. ages / sizesLength-weight rel.Length-length rel.Length-frequenciesMass conversionAbundance Life cycleReproduction
Maturity
Fecundity
Spawning
Eggs
Egg development
Larvae
PhysiologyOxygen consumption
Human RelatedStamps, coins, misc.
Internet sources
Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature
(Ref.
115969): 24.2 - 29.3, mean 27.9 (based on 1736 cells).
Resilience
High, minimum population doubling time less than 15 months (K=27.09).
Fishing Vulnerability
Low vulnerability (23 of 100).
Price category
Unknown.
