Aves |
Charadriiformes |
Laridae
Environment: milieu / climate zone / गहराई सीमा / distribution range
पारिस्थितिकी
. Tropical; 33°N - 37°S, 104°E - 12°E
Indo-Pacific and Atlantic Ocean.
Length at first maturity / आकार / Weight / Age
परिपक्व अवधि: Lm ?  range ? - ? cm Max length : 39.0 cm TL पुल्लिंग / अलिंग; (संदर्भ 8812); अधिकतम प्रकाशित वज़न: 144.00 g (संदर्भ 356)
Culmen: 3.72 cm; tarsus: 2.5 cm; wing: 23.5 cm.
Total Length: 35 to 39 cm; Wingspan: 66 (Ref. 8812) to 76 cm (Refs. 84934, 91362). Total population is over 200,000 pairs (Ref. 84934). Coastal to <10 km offshore (Ref. 356). Found on coastal rock, and over sea (Ref. 83946). Breeds annually in dense colonies, preferably in bushes and trees in Atlantic and Pacific Oceans (Ref. 84934). They are double-brooded. When there is danger, alarm calls are given by adults and chicks respond by crouching in place (Ref. 87784). Highly pelagic. Typically feeds far out at sea in large, gregarious flocks over shoals of predatory fish (Ref. 91362). Exhibits dipping and surface-seizing foraging behavior (Ref. 356). Feed mainly by dipping, hovering and picking from or just below the surface of the water. Also, shallow-plunging (Ref. 126735).
Life cycle and mating behavior
परिपक्व अवधि | पुनरुत्पत्ति | मछलीऔ का अंडे देना | Eggs | Fecundity | Larvae
Lusk, M.R., P. Bruner and C. Kessler 2000 The Avifauna of Farallon de Medinilla, Mariana Islands. Journal of Field Ornithology 71(1):22-33. (संदर्भ 5591)
IUCN Red List Status
(संदर्भ 130435: Version 2025-1)
CITES status (संदर्भ 108899)
Not Evaluated
CMS (संदर्भ 116361)
Not Evaluated
Threat to humans
Human uses
| FishSource |
साधन
अधिक जानकारी
Population dynamicsबाढ़Max. ages / sizesLength-weight rel.Length-length rel.Length-frequenciesMass conversionबहुतायत Life cycleपुनरुत्पत्ति
परिपक्व अवधि
Fecundity
मछलीऔ का अंडे देना
Eggs
Egg development
Larvae
PhysiologyOxygen consumption
Human RelatedStamps, coins, misc.
इंटरनेट स्रोत
Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature
(Ref.
115969): 24.2 - 29.3, mean 28.2 (based on 2178 cells).
लौटाव
ऊंचा, न्यूनतम जनसंख्या दुगनी समय अवलागत 15 महीने। (K=42.36).
Fishing Vulnerability
Low to moderate vulnerability (29 of 100).
Price category
Unknown.