Aves |
Charadriiformes |
Laridae
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
Ecology
Others; depth range 0 - 2 m (Ref. 119695). Tropical; 72°N - 53°S, 159°W - 179°E (Ref. 124582)
Worldwide.
Length at first maturity / Size / Weight / Age
Maturity: Lm ? range ? - ? cm Max length : 38.0 cm TL male/unsexed; (Ref. 8812); max. published weight: 120.00 g (Ref. 356)
Culmen: 3.754 cm; tarsus: 2.079 cm; wing: 27.96 cm.
Total Length: 32 to 38 cm; Wingspan: 79 to 81 cm (Ref. 8812). A coastal species (Ref. 356), found in the beach, shoreline, islands and pelagic zone (Ref. 116102). Primarily forages inshore. In the North Sea off the east coast of Scotland and northern England, they are known to partially feed on the sandeel, Ammodytes marinus. Breeding pairs share incubation and chick-rearing duties in nesting colonies (Ref. 95711). Displays dipping behavior (Ref. 356). They surface-feed by scooping prey from the water and carry it in their bills. Adults feed their chicks with regurgitated food (Ref. 95711).
Life cycle and mating behavior
Maturity | Reproduction | Spawning | Eggs | Fecundity | Larvae
Lepage, D. 2007 Avibase -the World Bird Database. http://www.bsc-eoc.org/avibase/avibase.jsp [accessed 09/07/2007]. (Ref. 7816)
IUCN Red List Status
(Ref. 130435: Version 2025-1)
CITES status (Ref. 108899)
Not Evaluated
Threat to humans
Human uses
| FishSource |
Tools
More information
Population dynamicsGrowthMax. ages / sizesLength-weight rel.Length-length rel.Length-frequenciesMass conversionAbundance Life cycleReproduction
Maturity
Fecundity
Spawning
Eggs
Egg development
Larvae
PhysiologyOxygen consumption
Human RelatedStamps, coins, misc.
Internet sources
Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature
(Ref.
115969): 5 - 29, mean 25 (based on 5782 cells).
Resilience
High, minimum population doubling time less than 15 months (K=20.3-67.09).
Fishing Vulnerability
Low to moderate vulnerability (28 of 100).
Price category
Unknown.
