Aves |
Charadriiformes |
Alcidae
Environment: milieu / climate zone / djupintervall / distribution range
Ekologi
; djupintervall 0 - 43 m (Ref. 65749), usually ? - 28 m (Ref. 61676). Polar; 62°N - 22°N, 171°E - 109°W (Ref. 125423)
Northwest and Eastern Pacific: From Aleutian Islands, Alaska, east to Canada and USA and south to Baja California, Mexico. Polar to subtropical.
Length at first maturity / Size / Weight / Age
Könsmognad: Lm ? range ? - ? cm Max length : 23.0 cm TL hane/ej könsbestämd; (Ref. 8812); publicerad maxvikt: 188.00 g (Ref. 356)
Culmen: 1.92 cm; tarsus: 2.66 cm; wing: 14.8 cm.
Total Length: 20 to 23 cm (Ref. 8812). Relatively small bird with sperm-storage glands that allows delayed fertilization (Ref. 87784). Found along the continental shelf; <150 km. Exhibits plunge diving behavior (Ref. 356). Relatively small bird. Based on stable isotope analysis (SIA) diet study of egg albumin, belongs to lower N signature group (based on ratios of stable isotopes of nitrogen and carbon) indicating a more planktivorous diet, indicative of more pelagic foraging range. Copulation occurring ashore and ovum fertilization happens at sea; delayed fertilization possible because of sperm-storage glands; allows birds to feed at sea while egg forms and prior to the long period of fasting during egg incubation. Yolk formation occurs at sea where daily yolk deposition rapidly increases to a sharp peak. Double-brooded and can raise two broods annually. Reproductive success may be linked to long duration of pair bonds. Nest is usurped by the larger Pigeon Guillemot (Cepphus columba) and Rhinoceros Auklet (Cerorhinca monocerata) by the destruction of its eggs and chicks. ENSO event of 1982-1983 saw absence of returning birds to Farallon Is. In central California to breed, possibly due to the death of many older breeders. Reduced breeding rates and clutch size are the identified sublethal effects of exposure to oil from spill accidents (Ref. 87784).
Life cycle and mating behavior
Könsmognad | Reproduktion | Lek | Eggs | Fecundity | Larvae
Gaydos, J.K. and N.A. Brown 2009 Species of concern within the Salish Sea marine ecosystem: changesfrom 2002 to 2008. In Proceedings of the 2009 Puget Sound Georgia Basin Ecosystem Conference e 8 to 11 February 2009. Seattle, WA: Environment Canada and the Puget Sound Partnership. 10 p. (Ref. 94794)
IUCN Red List Status
(Ref. 130435: Version 2025-1)
CITES status (Ref. 108899)
Not Evaluated
Not Evaluated
Threat to humans
Human uses
| FishSource |
Verktyg
Ytterligare information
Population dynamicsTillväxtMax. ages / sizesLength-weight rel.Length-length rel.Length-frequenciesMass conversionAbundans Life cycleReproduktion
Könsmognad
Fecundity
Lek
Eggs
Egg development
Larvae
PhysiologySyreförbrukning
Human RelatedStamps, coins, misc.
Internet-källor
Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature
(Ref.
115969): 4.6 - 9.8, mean 6.8 (based on 152 cells).
Fishing Vulnerability
Low vulnerability (13 of 100).
Price category
Unknown.
