Aves | 
Anseriformes | 
Anatidae
			
			
			
				Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range				
				
					Ecology				
				
			
			
				Others; freshwater; depth range 0 - 4 m (Ref. 115862), usually 0 - 3 m (Ref. 115862).  Subtropical			
			
			
				
			
			
			
				Arctic, Eastern Pacific and Western Atlantic:  Winters from Aleutian Islands to Gulf of St Lawrence, to Californian Gulf, Mexican Gulf, Georgia south to Florida.
			
			
			
			
			
				Length at first maturity / Size / Weight / Age
			
			
				Maturity: Lm ?  range ? - ? cm Max length : 49.0 cm TL male/unsexed; (Ref. 94965); max. published weight: 900.00 g (Ref. 356)			
			
			
							
				
				
					
						Culmen: 3.135 cm; tarsus: 8.105 cm; wing: 21.15 cm.					
				
				
						
			
			
			
			
				
					Depth range and common depth based on occurrence (Ref. 115862). To be replaced with a better reference. Coastal (Ref. 356).  Breeds in freshwater and along coasts (in Sweden and in the Gulf of Bothnia); nests in hollow trees or artificial nest-boxes. Martens (Martes martes) and jays (Garrulus glandarius) known to feed on its eggs. Ducklings preferentially feed in lakes.  Main diet include Corixidae, Notonecta, Ephemerida larvae (mainly Leptophlebia vespertina), Dytiscidae adults (mainly Hyphydrus ovatus) and larvae (mainly Acilius sp. and Dytiscus sp.), and Chaoborus larvae (Ref. 95144).  Displays dabbling behavior (Ref. 356). Common diving depth of 2 to 3 m (Ref. 115862).				
			
			
			
			
			
				Life cycle and mating behavior				
					Maturity | Reproduction | Spawning | Eggs | Fecundity | Larvae				
			
			
				
									
			
			
			
			
			
				SAUP Database 2006 SAUP Database. www.seaaroundus.org. (Ref. 356)
			
			
			
			
			
			
			
					
						IUCN Red List Status    
						 (Ref. 130435: Version 2025-1)
					
					
					
				
			
			
			
			
				CITES status   (Ref. 108899)
			
			
				
					Not Evaluated				
			
			
			
			
			
			
			
			
			
			
				Threat to humans  
			
			
				
									
			
			
			
			
			
			
			
			
				Human uses  
			
			
							
			
			
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Tools
			
			
			
			
				
					More information				
				
					 Population dynamicsGrowthMax. ages / sizesLength-weight rel.Length-length rel.Length-frequenciesMass conversionAbundance   Life cycleReproduction
Maturity
Fecundity
Spawning
Eggs
Egg development
Larvae
  PhysiologyOxygen consumption
  Human RelatedStamps, coins, misc.
  
			 
			
			
			
				Internet sources
			
			
			
			
			
				Estimates based on models
			
			
			
									
						Preferred temperature  					
				 (Ref. 
115969): 3.6 - 23.6, mean 8.8 (based on 929 cells).			
 
			
			
			
			
			
						
							
				
					
						Fishing Vulnerability  					
					
					
						Moderate vulnerability (39 of 100).					
				
						
						
			
									
						Price category  					
					
					Unknown.