Gymnolaemata |
Cheilostomatida |
Bugulidae
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
Ecology
Sessile; depth range 0 - 320 m (Ref. 865). Temperate
Circumglobal in tropical and temperate seas.
Length at first maturity / Size / Weight / Age
Maturity: Lm ? range ? - ? cm Max length : 10.0 cm H male/unsexed; (Ref. 3248)
Maximum depth from Ref. 116066. Epibenthic, encrusting, erect (Ref. 116066). Found in rocky subtidal (Ref. 116251), on giant kelp fronds, pilings, and boats hulls to a depth of 80 meters (Ref. 865). Suspension feeder (Ref. 116251). Part of fouling communities attached to raft frames in mariculture zones (Ref. 127121).
Life cycle and mating behavior
Maturity | Reproduction | Spawning | Eggs | Fecundity | Larvae
Members of the phylum Bryozoa are hermaphroditic. Both fertilization and egg brooding may either be internal or external.
Gappa, J.L. 2000 Species richness of marine Bryozoa in the continental shelf and slope off Argentina (south-west Atlantic). Diversity and Distribution. 6:15-27. (Ref. 1202)
IUCN Red List Status
(Ref. 130435: Version 2025-1)
CITES status (Ref. 108899)
Not Evaluated
Not Evaluated
Threat to humans
Human uses
| FishSource |
Tools
More information
Population dynamicsGrowthMax. ages / sizesLength-weight rel.Length-length rel.Length-frequenciesMass conversionAbundance Life cycleReproductionMaturityFecunditySpawningEggsEgg developmentLarvae PhysiologyOxygen consumption
Human RelatedStamps, coins, misc.
Internet sources
Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature
(Ref.
115969): 14.8 - 24.9, mean 19.7 (based on 400 cells).
Fishing Vulnerability
Low vulnerability (10 of 100).
Price category
Unknown.
