Xestospongia muta, Giant barrel sponge
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Xestospongia muta   (Schmidt, 1870)

Giant barrel sponge

Native range | All suitable habitat | Point map | Year 2050
This map was computer-generated and has not yet been reviewed.
Xestospongia muta  AquaMaps  Data sources: GBIF OBIS
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No drawings available for Petrosiidae.

Classification / Names Common names | Synonyms | CoL | ITIS | WoRMS

Demospongiae | Haplosclerida | Petrosiidae

Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range Ecology

Reef-associated; brackish; depth range 0 - 69 m (Ref. 415).  Tropical

Distribution Countries | FAO areas | Ecosystems | Occurrences | Introductions

Western Atlantic.

Length at first maturity / Size / Weight / Age

Maturity: Lm ?  range ? - ? cm Max length : 250 cm WD male/unsexed; (Ref. 99323)

Short description Morphology

Barrel shaped, with thick walls. Purple to red brown externally, tan internally. Surface with protuberances with round or blade-like outlines. Brittle and crumbly in consistency. Oscules on the inner side of vase; 0.2 - 0.3 cm (Ref. 415).

Biology     Glossary (e.g. epibenthic)

Maximum depth reported taken from Ref. 128739.. Maximum length refers to base diameter (Ref. 99323). Common on reef environments (Ref. 415). Also found in mangroves (Ref. 86836). Inhabits shallow coral reefs, coral communities, coralline algae reefs, algal nodules, and mesophotic reefs (Ref. 128739).

Life cycle and mating behavior Maturity | Reproduction | Spawning | Eggs | Fecundity | Larvae

Broadcast spawner.

Main reference References | Coordinator | Collaborators

Collin, R., M.C. Díaz, J. Norenburg, R.M. Rocha, J.A. Sánchez, M. Schulze, A. Schwartz and A. Valdés 2005 Photographic identification guide to some common marine invertebrates of Bocas Del Toro, Panama. Caribbean Journal of Science. 41(3):638-707. (Ref. 415)

IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 130435: Version 2025-1)

  Not Evaluated 

CITES status (Ref. 108899)

Not Evaluated

CMS (Ref. 116361)

Not Evaluated

Threat to humans

Human uses


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Trophic Ecology
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Food consumption
Predators
Ecology
Ecology
Population dynamics
Growth
Max. ages / sizes
Length-weight rel.
Length-length rel.
Length-frequencies
Mass conversion
Abundance
Life cycle
Reproduction
Maturity
Fecundity
Spawning
Eggs
Egg development
Larvae
Distribution
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FAO areas
Ecosystems
Occurrences
Introductions
Physiology
Oxygen consumption
Human Related
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Taxonomy
Common names
Synonyms
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References
References

Internet sources

BHL | BOLD Systems | CISTI | DiscoverLife | FAO(Publication : search) | Fishipedia | GenBank (genome, nucleotide) | GloBI | Gomexsi | Google Books | Google Scholar | Google | PubMed | Tree of Life | Wikipedia (Go, Search) | Zoological Record

Estimates based on models

Preferred temperature (Ref. 115969): 26.4 - 28.2, mean 27.5 (based on 519 cells).
Resilience (Ref. 69278): Very Low, minimum population doubling time more than 14 years (K=0.04).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref. 71543): Very high vulnerability (87 of 100).
Price category (Ref. 80766): Unknown.

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