Gastropoda |
Ostreida |
Margaritidae
Environment: milieu / climate zone / пределы глубины / distribution range
экология
; пределы глубины 0 - 40 m (ссылка 80041), usually 0 - 20 m (ссылка 75831). Tropical; 37°N - 28°S, 32°E - 124°W
Indo-Pacific: from Mexico to Tanzania and the Red Sea to French Polynesia. Introduced in the Atlantic and Mediterranean.
Length at first maturity / Size / Weight / Возраст
половая зрелость: Lm ? range ? - 4 cm Max length : 9.8 cm SHL самец/пол неопределен; (ссылка 2922); наибольший возраст (опубликованны данные): 15 годы (ссылка 129284)
Shell rather thick and large (attaining 25 cm in length), subcircular in outline, with a short and ill-defined posterior ear which is not drawn out into a wing-like process. Anterior margin markedly protruding beyond the tip of anterior ear. Outer surface of valves, when not worn, with densely set, flattened, imbricating concentric scales and moderately long, parallel-sided and flattened spines with tapering or rounded ends; spines lying relatively flat on surface of valves, arranged in radial rows and often strongly projecting on shell margins. hinge completely devoid of teeth. Colour: outside of shell greyish brown or green to nearly black in ground colour, with radial stripes of white or yellowish markings corresponding to the basal portion of old flattened spines. Internal nacreous area silvery, with a darker smoky hue and a hint of red and green iridescence on border. Non-nacreous area very dark.
Found in shallow waters in between corals (Ref. 122680). Byssally attached to rocks and coral debris (Ref. 8010). Inhabits reef areas of lagoons (Ref. 97298). Some found lying freely on sand, coarse gravel or dead coral substrates and often found in eel grass beds and other marine plants (Ref. 80041). Also occur in mangrove areas (Ref. 129120). Feeds on phytoplankton (Ref. 96904).
A continuous spawner (peak: December to April, warm season).
Основная ссылка
ссылки | координатор | соавторы
Poutiers, J.M. 1998 Bivalves. Acephala, Lamellibranchia, Pelecypoda. p. 123-362. In Carpenter, K. E. and V. H. Niem. 1998. FAO species identification guide for fishery purposes. The living marine resources of the Western Central Pacific. Volume 1. Seaweeds, corals, bivalves, and gastropods. Rome, FAO. (ссылка 348)
Статус Красного Списка МСОП
(ссылка 130435: Version 2025-1)
Статус СИТЕС (ссылка 108899)
Not Evaluated
CMS (ссылка 116361)
Not Evaluated
Угроза для людей
Использование человеком
рыболовство: коммерческий
| FishSource | Sea Around Us
инструменты
дополнительная информация
PhysiologyOxygen consumption
Human RelatedStamps, coins, misc.
ресурсы в Интернет
Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature
(Ref.
115969): 23.8 - 29, mean 27.6 (based on 1848 cells).
устойчивость к внешним воздействиям
высокий, минимальное время удвоения популяции до 15 месяцев (K=0.26-0.58).
Fishing Vulnerability
Moderate to high vulnerability (47 of 100).
Категория цены
Unknown.
Nutrients : Calcium = 149 [71, 228] mg/100g; Iron = 8.53 [1.95, 15.11] mg/100g; Protein = 9.88 [8.64, 11.12] %; Omega3 = 0.313 [0.202, 0.423] g/100g; Selenium = 61 [50, 72] μg/100g; VitaminA = 0 μg/100g; Zinc = 2.04 [0.56, 3.51] mg/100g (wet weight); based on
nutrient studies.
