Hexacorallia | 
Scleractinia | 
Fungiidae
			
			
			
				Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range				
				
					Ecology				
				
			
			
				Reef-associated; depth range 3 - 20 m (Ref. 8294).  Tropical; 36°N -   31°S, 32°E -   137°W (Ref. 847)			
			
			
				
			
			
			
				Indo-Pacific.
			
			
			
			
			
				Length at first maturity / Size / Weight / Age
			
			
				Maturity: Lm ?  range ? - ? cm Max length : 30.0 cm COLD male/unsexed; (Ref. 269)			
			
			
							
				
				
					
						The coral is circular in outline, up to 30 cm in diameter.  The upper surface is fairly rough due to moderate to deeply incised septal dentations on most septocostae, and the lower surface is rough due to costal spines (Ref. 269). The coral is circular in outline, up to 30 cm in diameter.					
				
				
						
			
			
			
			
				
					Maximum depth from Ref. 98471. Found at intermediate depths on reef slopes (Ref. 269).  Also on back reefs, reef flats, and lagoons.  Solitary, free-living (Ref. 98471).				
			
			
			
			
			
				Life cycle and mating behavior				
					Maturity | Reproduction | Spawning | Eggs | Fecundity | Larvae				
			
			
				
					Mature gametes are shed into the coelenteron and spawned through the mouth.  Life cycle:  The zygote develops into a planktonic planula larva.  Metamorphosis begins with early morphogenesis of tentacles, septa and pharynx before larval settlement on the aboral end (Ref. 833).				
			
			
			
			
			
				Hodgson, G. 1998 Corals. p. 101-122. In Carpenter, K.E. and V.H. Niem (eds) FAO species identifidication guide for fishery purposes. The living marine resources of the Western Central Pacific. Vol. 1. Seaweeds, coral, bivalves and gastropods. FAO Rome. (Ref. 269)
			
			
			
			
			
			
			
					
						IUCN Red List Status    
						 (Ref. 130435: Version 2025-1)
					
					
					
				
			
			
			
			
				CITES status   (Ref. 108899)
			
			
			
			
			
			
			
				
					Not Evaluated				
			
			
			
			
			
				Threat to humans  
			
			
				
									
			
			
			
			
			
			
			
			
				Human uses  
			
			
							
			
			
				 | FishSource | 			
			
			
			
			
			
Tools
			
			
			
			
				
					More information				
				
					 Trophic EcologyFood items (preys)Diet compositionFood consumptionPredators   PhysiologyOxygen consumption
  Human RelatedStamps, coins, misc.
  
			 
			
			
			
				Internet sources
			
			
			
			
			
				Estimates based on models
			
			
			
									
						Preferred temperature  					
				 (Ref. 
115969): 25.4 - 29.3, mean 28.6 (based on 2495 cells).			
 
			
			
			
			
			
						
							
				
					
						Fishing Vulnerability  					
					
					
						Low vulnerability (20 of 100).					
				
						
						
			
									
						Price category  					
					
					Unknown.