Hydrozoa |
Anthoathecata |
Pennariidae
Environment: milieu / climate zone / пределы глубины / distribution range
экология
; солоноватоводный; пределы глубины 0 - 29 m (ссылка 86643). Tropical
Indo-Pacific, Atlantic Ocean, Caribbean and the Mediterranean. Tropical and subtropical.
Length at first maturity / Size / Weight / Возраст
половая зрелость: Lm ? range ? - ? cm Max length : 30.0 cm H самец/пол неопределен; (ссылка 3248)
Large colonies, as tall as 30 cm, with dark brown to black perisac. Polyp is white with a reddish tinge and has a circle of 10 to 18 filiform tentacles at the base and up to 12 capitate tentacles on the upper part of hydranth.
Height is based on colonies (Ref. 3248). Maximum depth from Ref. 116013. Distributed world-wide in warm seas (Ref. 3248). Known from tidal inlets, exposed areas of bays, including any ledges at their entrance, sounds, caves, shallow reefs, shallow coastal benthic habitats (< 25 m) (Ref. 86643), and on mangrove roots (Ref. 121478). Also found in Carrie Bow Cay, Belize, in patch reefs, high and low spur and groove zones, sand trough, outer ridge and fore-reef slopes on substrates composed of dead corals and gorgonians at depths of 2 to 18 m. As with other hydroids, this species exhibits a pelagic medusoid stage (Ref. 87156).
Life cycle and mating behavior
половая зрелость | размножение | нерест | Eggs | Fecundity | Larvae
Species exhibits both asexual and sexual reproduction by budding during hydroid stage and release of gametes in medusae stages (Ref. 1663, p. 15, 18). Period of reproductive maturity recorded for Carrie Bow Cay, Belize is from 17th April to 21st June, during which the samples collected had gonophores or medusa buds (Ref. 87156).
Основная ссылка
ссылки | координатор | соавторы
Migotto, A.E., A.C. Marques, A.C. Morandini and F.L. da Silveira 2002 Checklist of the cnidaria medusozoa of Brazil. Biota Neotropica 2(1):1-31. (ссылка 813)
Статус Красного Списка МСОП
(ссылка 130435: Version 2025-1)
Статус СИТЕС (ссылка 108899)
Not Evaluated
CMS (ссылка 116361)
Not Evaluated
Угроза для людей
Использование человеком
| FishSource |
инструменты
дополнительная информация
Trophic EcologyFood items (preys)
состав пищи
потребление пищи
хищники
Population dynamicsростMax. ages / sizesLength-weight rel.Length-length rel.Размерный составMass conversionчисленность Life cycleразмножениеполовая зрелостьFecundityнерестEggsРазвитие икрыLarvae PhysiologyOxygen consumption
Human RelatedStamps, coins, misc.
ресурсы в Интернет
Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature
(Ref.
115969): 9 - 29.1, mean 27 (based on 5999 cells).
Fishing Vulnerability
Low vulnerability (20 of 100).
Категория цены
Unknown.
