Malacostraca |
Decapoda |
Palinuridae
Environment: milieu / climate zone / गहराई सीमा / distribution range
पारिस्थितिकी
; गहराई सीमा 5 - 200 m (संदर्भ 85369), usually 10 - 70 m (संदर्भ 4). Subtropical; 12°C - 16°C (संदर्भ 114562), preferred 11°C (संदर्भ 107945); 61°N - 27°N, 32°W - 36°E (संदर्भ 114562)
Eastern Atlantic and the Mediterranean: from Norway to Morocco. Subtropical to temperate.
Length at first maturity / आकार / Weight / Age
परिपक्व अवधि: Lm 10.0, range 7 - 8 cm Max length : 50.0 cm TL पुल्लिंग / अलिंग; (संदर्भ 441); common length : 40.0 cm BASL पुल्लिंग / अलिंग; (संदर्भ 441); अधिकतम सूचित उम्र: 15 वर्षो (संदर्भ 85318)
Traditionally caught by traps, pots and sometimes by hand (e.g., diving and spearing; Refs. 441, 85369), but these gears were eventually replaced with trammel nets (Ref. 85369). Minimum depth from Ref. 4. Occurs at depths between shore to 200 m, on rocky bottoms and coralligenous substrates where there are lots of protective holes and micro-caves. Adults may be solitary, in pairs or in small groups. Highly omnivorous and preys on hard-shelled bottom dwelling organisms, i.e., mollusks, echinoderms and crustaceans. They are generalists and opportunistic feeders depending on the abundance of benthic organisms (Ref. 85369). Ovigerous females are observed from September to October and February to March (Ref. 4).
Breeds once a year between June and October. Larger females mate and lay eggs earlier during breeding season while smaller females spawn towards the end (Ref. 85364).
Holthuis, L.B. 1991 FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 13. Marine lobsters of the world. An annotated and illustrated catalogue of species of interest to fisheries known to date. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(13):292p. Rome: FAO. (संदर्भ 4)
IUCN Red List Status
(संदर्भ 130435: Version 2025-1)
CITES status (संदर्भ 108899)
Not Evaluated
CMS (संदर्भ 116361)
Not Evaluated
Threat to humans
Human uses
मात्स्यिकी: व्यापारिक
FAO - मात्स्यिकी: landings | FishSource | Sea Around Us
साधन
अधिक जानकारी
PhysiologyOxygen consumption
इंटरनेट स्रोत
Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature
(Ref.
115969): 7.7 - 19.6, mean 11.9 (based on 808 cells).
लौटाव
माध्यम, न्यूनतम जनसंख्या दुगनी होने का समय 1.4 - 4.4 वर्ष। (K=0.13-0.21; tm=4; tmax=15).
Prior r = 0.22, 95% CL = 0.14 - 0.33, Based on 4 data-limited stock assessments.
Fishing Vulnerability
Moderate to high vulnerability (54 of 100).
Climate Vulnerability
Moderate vulnerability (38 of 100).
Nutrients : Calcium = 109 [35, 184] mg/100g; Iron = 1.59 [1.21, 1.97] mg/100g; Protein = 20.2 [19.2, 21.3] %; Omega3 = 0.285 [0.185, 0.386] g/100g; Selenium = 48.3 [-31.7, 128.3] μg/100g; VitaminA = 0 μg/100g; Zinc = 1.79 [1.17, 2.40] mg/100g (wet weight); based on
nutrient studies.
