Malacostraca | 
Decapoda | 
Palaemonidae
			
			
			
				Environment: milieu / climate zone / गहराई सीमा / distribution range				
				
					पारिस्थितिकी				
				
			
			
				; खारा; pH range: 0.0 - 55.0;  गहराई सीमा 0 - 2 m (संदर्भ 97531).  Subtropical; 5°C - 38°C (संदर्भ 82139)			
			
			
				
			
			
			
				Western Atlantic and the Arctic.
			
			
			
			
			
				Length at first maturity / आकार / Weight / Age
			
			
				परिपक्व अवधि: Lm ?  range ? - ? cm Max length : 4.5 cm TL पुल्लिंग / अलिंग; (संदर्भ 82138); 4.65 cm TL (female); अधिकतम सूचित उम्र: 1.50 वर्षो (संदर्भ 2823)			
			
			
						
			
			
			
			
				
					Often found near underwater structures and dense stands of aquatic macrophytes in shallow areas of estuaries.  Movement and distributional patterns likely influenced by both photoperiod and tidal cycles.  Mainly detritivorous; also feeds on epiphytic microalgae and prey on meiofauna and small infaunal polychaetes, oligochaetes, nematodes, epiphytic fauna, and mysids.  Preyed upon by various estuarine fishes and other aquatic carnivores.  Host to numerous species of parasites and ectocommensals, primarily coccidia, microsporidians, trematodes, isopods, and leeches (Ref. 96311).				
			
			
			
			
			
				Life cycle and mating behavior				
					परिपक्व अवधि | पुनरुत्पत्ति | मछलीऔ का अंडे देना | Eggs | Fecundity | Larvae				
			
			
				
					During the spawning season, the female molts and becomes receptive to the male.  Copulation  occurs within 7 hours after molting.  Ova are externally fertilized on the ventral surface of the female abdomen.  Fecundity is between 247 to 486 eggs per female.  Eggs hatch 12 to 60 days after fertilization.  After spawning, the female molts again.  Larvae are planktonic and feed on zooplankton, algae, and detritus.				
			
			
			
			
			
				Williams, A.B., L.G. Abele, D.L. Felder, H.H. Hobbs Jr., R.B. Manning, P.A. McLaughlin and I. Pérez Farfante 1988 Common and scientific names of aquatic invertebrates from the United States and Canada: decapod crustaceans. American Fisheries Society Special Publication 17. 77 pp. + 12 figs. (संदर्भ 2214)
			
			
			
			
			
			
			
					
						IUCN Red List Status    
						 (संदर्भ 130435: Version 2025-1)
					
					
					
				
			
			
			
			
				CITES status   (संदर्भ 108899)
			
			
				
					Not Evaluated				
			
			
			
			
			
				CMS (संदर्भ 116361)
			
			
				
					Not Evaluated				
			
			
			
			
			
				Threat to humans  
			
			
				
									
			
			
			
			
			
			
			
			
				Human uses  
			
			
							
			
			
				 | FishSource | 			
			
			
			
			
			
साधन
			
			
			
			
				
					अधिक जानकारी				
				
					 PhysiologyOxygen consumption
  Human RelatedStamps, coins, misc.
  				 
			 
			
			
			
				इंटरनेट स्रोत
			
			
			
			
			
				Estimates based on models
			
			
			
							
			
			
			
							
					लौटाव  				
				
				
					ऊंचा, न्यूनतम जनसंख्या दुगनी समय अवलागत 15 महीने। (K=0.43-0.48; tmax=1.5).				
			
			
						
							
				
					
						Fishing Vulnerability  					
					
					
						Low vulnerability (23 of 100).