Aves | 
Gaviiformes | 
Gaviidae
			
			
			
				Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range				
				
					Ecology				
				
			
			
				Others; freshwater; depth range 0 - 20 m (Ref. 125033), usually 0 - 5 m (Ref. 125033).  Polar; 83°N -   20°N, 172°W -   180°E (Ref. 124582)			
			
			
				
			
			
			
				Arctic, North Atlantic, North Pacific and the Mediterranean. Known inland in Greenland, northern Canada and northern Russia, also in Alaska, Svalbard, Norway and the Caspian Sea.
			
			
			
			
			
				Length at first maturity / Size / Weight / Age
			
			
				Maturity: Lm ?  range ? - ? cm			
			
			
						
			
			
			
			
				
					Found on beach and shoreline (Ref. 116102).				
			
			
			
			
			
				Life cycle and mating behavior				
					Maturity | Reproduction | Spawning | Eggs | Fecundity | Larvae				
			
			
				
									
			
			
			
			
			
				Hüppop, O., J. Dierschke, K.-M. Exo, E. Fredrich and R. Hill 2006 Bird Migration and Offshore Wind Turbines. In Ch. 9: 91-117.  Köller, J., J. Köppel and W. Peters (eds.). Offshore Wind Energy, Research on Environmental Impacts.  Springer: Germany. 371 pp. (Ref. 96348)
			
			
			
			
			
			
			
					
						IUCN Red List Status    
						 (Ref. 130435: Version 2025-1)
					
					
					
				
			
			
			
			
				CITES status   (Ref. 108899)
			
			
				
					Not Evaluated				
			
			
			
			
			
			
			
			
			
			
				Threat to humans  
			
			
				
					  Harmless				
			
			
			
			
			
			
			
			
				Human uses  
			
			
							
			
			
				 | FishSource | 			
			
			
			
			
			
Tools
			
			
			
			
				
					More information				
				
					 Trophic EcologyFood items (preys)
Diet composition
Food consumption
Predators
  Population dynamicsGrowth
Max. ages / sizes
Length-weight rel.
Length-length rel.
Length-frequencies
Mass conversion
Abundance
  Life cycleReproduction
Maturity
Fecundity
Spawning
Eggs
Egg development
Larvae
  PhysiologyOxygen consumption
  Human RelatedStamps, coins, misc.
  
			 
			
			
			
				Internet sources
			
			
			
			
			
				Estimates based on models