Malacostraca | 
Decapoda | 
Palinuridae
			
			
			
				Environment: milieu / climate zone / تغييرات عمق / distribution range				
				
					بوم شناسي				
				
			
			
				;  تغييرات عمق 1 - 122 m (مرجع 4), usually 1 - 18 m (مرجع 4).  Tropical, preferred 27°C (مرجع 107945); 36°N -   35°S, 33°E -   142°W (مرجع 4)			
			
			
				
			
			
			
				Indo-Pacific:  South Africa to Japan and Polynesia.
			
			
			
			
			
				Length at first maturity / Size / Weight / سن
			
			
				بلوغ: Lm ?, range 4 - ? cm Max length : 30.0 cm BL جنس نر / بدون خواص جنسي; (مرجع 4)			
			
			
						
			
			
			
			
				
					It has lengths of 30 cm, maximum total body length; 12 cm, maximum carapace length; 8 to 10 cm, average carapace length; 14 cm, total length of smallest ovigerous female (Ref. 4). Lives in clear or slightly turbid water at depths of 1 to 18 m (also reported from 122 m), in rocky areas and coral reefs.  They are nocturnal and not gregarious (Ref. 4).				
			
			
			
			
			
				Life cycle and mating behavior				
					بلوغ | تولید مثل | تخم ریزی | Eggs | Fecundity | Larvae				
			
			
				
					Members of the order Decapoda are mostly gonochoric.  Mating behavior:  Precopulatory courtship ritual is common (through olfactory and tactile cues); usually indirect sperm transfer.				
			
			
			
			
				مآخذ اصلی  				
					مراجع | هماهنگ كننده | همكاران
				
			
			
				Holthuis, L.B. 1991 FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 13. Marine lobsters of the world. An annotated and illustrated catalogue of species of interest to fisheries known to date. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(13):292p. Rome: FAO. (مرجع 4)
			
			
			
			
			
			
			
					
						وضعيت در فهرست قرمز IUCN    
						 (مرجع 130435: Version 2025-1)
					
					
					
				
			
			
			
			
				وضعيت از نظر سايتس   (مرجع 108899)
			
			
				
					Not Evaluated				
			
			
			
			
			
			
				
					Not Evaluated				
			
			
			
			
			
				خطر برای انسان ها  
			
			
				
									
			
			
			
			
			
			
			
			
				استفاده انسانی  
			
			
				ماهي گيري – شيلات: تجاري			
			
			
				FAO - ماهي گيري – شيلات: landings | FishSource | Sea Around Us			
			
			
			
			
			
ابزارها
			
			
			
			
				
					اطلاعات بيشتر				
				
					 Trophic EcologyFood items (preys)تركيب غذاييمصرف غذاييشکارچیان   Population dynamicsرشدMax. ages / sizesLength-weight rel.Length-length rel.نوسانات طولیMass conversionفراواني   PhysiologyOxygen consumption
  Human RelatedStamps, coins, misc.
  
			 
			
			
			
				منابع اينترنتي
			
			
			
			
			
				Estimates based on models
			
			
			
									
						Preferred temperature  					
				 (Ref. 
115969): 24.7 - 29.3, mean 28.4 (based on 4141 cells).			
 
			
			
			
			
			
						
							
				
					
						Fishing Vulnerability  					
					
					
						Low to moderate vulnerability (33 of 100).					
				
						
							
					
						Climate Vulnerability  					
					
					Low to moderate vulnerability (30 of 100).				
						
			
			
			
				Nutrients  :  Calcium = 109 [35, 184]  mg/100g; Iron = 1.59 [1.21, 1.97]  mg/100g; Protein = 20.2 [19.2, 21.3] %; Omega3 = 0.285 [0.185, 0.386]  g/100g; Selenium = 48.3 [-31.7, 128.3]  μg/100g; VitaminA = 0 μg/100g; Zinc = 1.79 [1.17, 2.40]  mg/100g (wet weight); based on 
nutrient studies.