Amphibia | 
Anura | 
Bufonidae
			
			
			
				Environment: milieu / climate zone / пределы глубины / distribution range				
				
					экология				
				
			
			
				; пресноводный; солоноватоводный.  Tropical			
			
			
				
			
			
			
				Pacific and Atlantic:  South and Central America.
			
			
			
			
			
				Length at first maturity / Size / Weight / Возраст
			
			
				половая зрелость: Lm ?  range ? - ? cm Max length : 23.0 cm TL самец/пол неопределен; (ссылка 86255)			
			
			
						
			
			
			
			
				
					Adults range from 15 to 23 cm in length.  This species has a bufotoxin that is a defense mechanism for marine toads.  This causes irritation to humans and animals especially when in contact with the eyes and other mucous membranes (Ref. 86255). This is an omnivorous species.  Its diet is composed of insects like beetles, ants, and earwigs, vegetation, small birds, other amphibians like toads, frogs, lizards, small mammals and snakes (Ref. 86255).				
			
			
			
			
			
				Life cycle and mating behavior				
					половая зрелость | размножение | нерест | Eggs | Fecundity | Larvae				
			
			
				
					Mating season is during spring, particularly late March.  Breeding is from April to September wherein two strings of eggs are released by the female on the water surface.  It takes 3 days before hatching occurs.  From small tadpoles, they metamorphose to small toads in 45 to 50 days.				
			
			
			
			
				Основная ссылка  				
					ссылки | координатор | соавторы
				
			
			
				Integrated Taxonomic Information System 2003 Integrated Taxonomic Information System database. http://www.cbif.gc.ca/pls/itisca/taxaget?p_ifx=cbif (ссылка 538)
			
			
			
			
			
			
			
					
						Статус Красного Списка МСОП    
						 (ссылка 130435: Version 2025-1)
					
					
					
				
			
			
			
			
				Статус СИТЕС   (ссылка 108899)
			
			
				
					Not Evaluated				
			
			
			
			
			
				CMS (ссылка 116361)
			
			
				
					Not Evaluated				
			
			
			
			
			
				Угроза для людей  
			
			
				
					Other				
			
			
			
			
			
			
			
			
				Использование человеком  
			
			
							
			
			
				 | FishSource | 			
			
			
			
			
			
инструменты
			
			
			
			
				
					дополнительная информация				
				
					 Population dynamicsростMax. ages / sizesLength-weight rel.Length-length rel.Размерный составMass conversionчисленность   Life cycleразмножениеполовая зрелостьFecundityнерестEggsРазвитие икрыLarvae   PhysiologyOxygen consumption
  Human RelatedStamps, coins, misc.
  
			 
			
			
			
				ресурсы в Интернет
			
			
			
			
			
				Estimates based on models
			
			
			
									
						Preferred temperature  					
				 (Ref. 
115969): 24.2 - 29.1, mean 27.7 (based on 264 cells).			
 
			
			
			
			
			
						
							
				
					
						Fishing Vulnerability  					
					
					
						Low vulnerability (13 of 100).