Polyplacophora |
Chitonida |
Tonicellidae
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
Ecology
Benthic; depth range 0 - 183 m (Ref. 128573), usually 0 - 20 m (Ref. 128573). Polar
Arctic, Northern Pacific and Atlantic Ocean.
Length at first maturity / Size / Weight / Age
Maturity: Lm ? range ? - ? cm Max length : 2.5 cm TL male/unsexed; (Ref. 281)
Oblong to oval in shape; elevated and rather acutely angular valves. Valves: Colored a light tan covered with a heavy suffusion of dark red maculations and specks. Surface of valves: Smooth; granulated under a lens. Lateral areas: Not distinctly outlined. Girdle: leathery and without scales or bristles (Ref. 281).
Found from intertidal to 10 m (Tonicella submarmorea) and 230 m (Tonicella marmorea) (Ref. 75835).
Life cycle and mating behavior
Maturity | Reproduction | Spawning | Eggs | Fecundity | Larvae
Members of the class Polyplacophora are mostly gonochoric. Life cycle: Eggs hatch into lecitotrophic planktonic trocophore larvae (no veliger stage) which later metamorphose and settle on the bottom as young adults.
Burghardt, G. and L. Burghardt 2006 Selected Chitons of Caribbean Area and the East Coast of United States and Canada. A Gallery of Worlwide Chitons: http://home.inreach.com/burghart/eastcoas.html[accessed20/01/06] (Ref. 281)
IUCN Red List Status
(Ref. 130435: Version 2025-1)
CITES status (Ref. 108899)
Not Evaluated
Not Evaluated
Threat to humans
Human uses
| FishSource |
Tools
More information
Trophic EcologyFood items (preys)Diet compositionFood consumptionPredators Population dynamicsGrowth
Max. ages / sizes
Length-weight rel.
Length-length rel.
Length-frequencies
Mass conversion
Abundance
Life cycleReproductionMaturityFecunditySpawningEggsEgg developmentLarvae PhysiologyOxygen consumption
Human RelatedStamps, coins, misc.
Internet sources
Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature
(Ref.
115969): 0.3 - 10, mean 2.2 (based on 720 cells).
Fishing Vulnerability
Low vulnerability (10 of 100).
Price category
Unknown.
