Mammalia |
Carnivora |
Phocidae
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
Ecology
Bathydemersal. Temperate; 90°N - 41°N, 138°E - 130°W
Northern Pacific and the Arctic. Strays in California. Boreal to polar.
Length at first maturity / Size / Weight / Age
Maturity: Lm ? range ? - ? cm Max length : 180 cm TL male/unsexed; (Ref. 1394); max. published weight: 148.0 kg (Ref. 1394)
Feeds on several species of fish and crustaceans (Ref. 1394). Physiology indicates adaptability to life in the open ocean. In spring and early summer, they prefer the continental shelf slope, hauling out on ice near or over deeper water. Feeds intensively during ice-free and winter months, wherein diet is suggested to be based on distribution and potential prey. Mainly consumes pelagic and nektobenthic prey (Ref. 119413). Feeds on several species of fish and crustaceans (Ref. 1394).
Life cycle and mating behavior
Maturity | Reproduction | Spawning | Eggs | Fecundity | Larvae
Jefferson, T.A., S. Leatherwood and M.A. Webber 1993 FAO species Identification Guide: Marine Mammals of the World. Rome, FAO. 320 p. + 587 figures. (Ref. 1394)
IUCN Red List Status
(Ref. 130435: Version 2025-1)
CITES status (Ref. 108899)
Not Evaluated
Not Evaluated
Threat to humans
Human uses
Fisheries: commercial
FAO - Fisheries: landings, species profile | FishSource | Sea Around Us
Tools
More information
Life cycleReproduction
Maturity
Fecundity
Spawning
Eggs
Egg development
Larvae
PhysiologyOxygen consumption
Human RelatedStamps, coins, misc.
Internet sources
Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature
(Ref.
115969): -0.4 - 4.9, mean 2.4 (based on 2322 cells).
Resilience
High, minimum population doubling time less than 15 months (K=0.37-0.57).
Fishing Vulnerability
High to very high vulnerability (66 of 100).
Price category
Unknown.
