Cephalopoda |
Oegopsida |
Cranchiidae | Cranchiinae
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
Ecology
Bathypelagic; depth range 0 - 1200 m (Ref. 97142). Subtropical
Circumglobal, tropical to subtropical waters.
Length at first maturity / Size / Weight / Age
Maturity: Lm ? range ? - ? cm Max length : 25.0 cm ML male/unsexed; (Ref. 97142)
Circumglobal in tropical and subtropical waters, recorded from 50°N to about 35°S, generally bounded by the north and south subtropical convergences. Epipelagic to upper mesopelagic vertical distribution of paralarvae and juveniles, while adults occur at lower epipelagic, mesopelagic and bathypelagic depths; surface to 1,200 m. At least in Hawaiian waters, this species appears to be a strong vertical migrator, probably a component of the mesopelagic boundary fauna where it is most common over bottom depths of 700 m or less, rather than in deeper offshore waters (Ref. 97142).
Life cycle and mating behavior
Maturity | Reproduction | Spawning | Eggs | Fecundity | Larvae
Members of the class Cephalopoda are gonochoric. Male and female adults usually die shortly after spawning and brooding, respectively. Mating behavior: Males perform various displays to attract potential females for copulation. During copulation, male grasp the female and inserts the hectocotylus into the female's mantle cavity where fertilization usually occurs. Life cycle: Embryos hatch into planktonic stage and live for some time before they grow larger and take up a benthic existence as adults.
Turgeon, D.D., J.F. Quinn Jr., A.E. Bogan, E.V. Coan, F.G. Hochberg, W.G. Lyons, P.M. Mikkelsen, R.J. Neves, C.F.E. Roper, G. Rosenberg, B. Roth, A. Scheltema, F.G. Thompson, M. Vecchione and J.D. Willams 1998 Common and scientific names of aquatic invertebrates from the United States and Canada: Mollusks, 2nd ed. American Fisheries Society (Special publication 26), Bethesda, Maryland. 526 p. (Ref. 1667)
IUCN Red List Status
(Ref. 130435: Version 2025-1)
CITES status (Ref. 108899)
Not Evaluated
Not Evaluated
Threat to humans
Human uses
| FishSource |
Tools
More information
Population dynamicsGrowthMax. ages / sizesLength-weight rel.Length-length rel.Length-frequenciesMass conversionAbundance Life cycleReproductionMaturityFecunditySpawningEggsEgg developmentLarvae PhysiologyOxygen consumption
Human RelatedStamps, coins, misc.
Internet sources
Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature
(Ref.
115969): 7.7 - 19.4, mean 11.9 (based on 1486 cells).
Fishing Vulnerability
Low vulnerability (15 of 100).
