Gastropoda | 
Neogastropoda | 
Muricidae
			
			
			
				Environment: milieu / climate zone / تغييرات عمق / distribution range				
				
					بوم شناسي				
				
			
			
				;  تغييرات عمق 1 - 100 m (مرجع 105991).  Subtropical; 49°N -   27°N, 19°W -   36°E			
			
			
				
			
			
			
				Eastern Atlantic and Mediterranean:  from France to Spain, Portugal, Morocco, Madeira Island and Canary Islands, including the Mediterranean.
			
			
			
			
			
				Length at first maturity / Size / Weight / سن
			
			
				بلوغ: Lm ?  range ? - ? cm Max length : 8.3 cm SHL جنس نر / بدون خواص جنسي; (مرجع 123052); بيشينه وزن گزارش شده: 58.20 g (مرجع 123052)			
			
			
						
			
			
			
			
				
					Intertidal to a depth of 80 m.  Found in a lagoon (Ref. 105976).  Also found offshore (Ref. 122927).  Inhabits rocky, sandy-mud and mud substrata (Ref. 105992).  Also found on seagrass (Ref. 85545).  Opportunistic feeder, exhibiting both carnivory and scavenging.  Feeds on a variety of bivalves, including gastropods, barnacles, tunicates, bryozoans, carrion and its conspecifics.  Employs drilling and chipping patterns on certain bivalves (Ref. 106099).				
			
			
			
			
			
				Life cycle and mating behavior				
					بلوغ | تولید مثل | تخم ریزی | Eggs | Fecundity | Larvae				
			
			
				
					This species is a non-broadcast spawner.  Life cycle does not include trocophore stage.  Also Ref. 833.				
			
			
			
			
				مآخذ اصلی  				
					مراجع | هماهنگ كننده | همكاران
				
			
			
				Templado, J. and R. Villanueva 2010 Checklist of Phylum Mollusca. pp. 148-198 In Coll, M., et al., 2010. The biodiversity of the Mediterranean Sea: estimates, patterns, and threats. PLoS ONE 5(8):36pp. (مرجع 85339)
			
			
			
			
			
			
			
					
						وضعيت در فهرست قرمز IUCN    
						 (مرجع 130435: Version 2025-1)
					
					
					
				
			
			
			
			
				وضعيت از نظر سايتس   (مرجع 108899)
			
			
				
					Not Evaluated				
			
			
			
			
			
			
				
					Not Evaluated				
			
			
			
			
			
				خطر برای انسان ها  
			
			
				
					  Harmless				
			
			
			
			
			
			
			
			
				استفاده انسانی  
			
			
				ماهي گيري – شيلات: تجاري			
			
			
				 | FishSource | 			
			
			
			
			
			
ابزارها
			
			
			
			
				
					اطلاعات بيشتر				
				
					 Population dynamicsرشدMax. ages / sizesLength-weight rel.Length-length rel.نوسانات طولیMass conversionفراواني   Life cycleتولید مثلبلوغFecundityتخم ریزیEggsنمو  تخمLarvae   PhysiologyOxygen consumption
  Human RelatedStamps, coins, misc.
  
			 
			
			
			
				منابع اينترنتي
			
			
			
			
			
				Estimates based on models
			
			
			
									
						Preferred temperature  					
				 (Ref. 
115969): 14.5 - 21.5, mean 18.7 (based on 202 cells).			
 
			
			
			
			
			
						
							
				
					
						Fishing Vulnerability  					
					
					
						Low to moderate vulnerability (28 of 100).