Aves | 
Pelecaniformes | 
Phalacrocoracidae
			
			
			
				Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range				
				
					Ecology				
				
			
			
				Others.  Temperate			
			
			
				
			
			
			
				Southwest Pacific:  New Zealand.
			
			
			
			
			
				Length at first maturity / Size / Weight / Age
			
			
				Maturity: Lm ?  range ? - ? cm Max length : 63.0 cm TL male/unsexed; (Ref. 84934); max. published weight: 1.3 kg (Ref. 356)			
			
			
							
				
				
					
						Wing: 315 cm.					
				
				
						
			
			
			
			
				
					A coastal species, which exhibits pursuit diving (Ref. 356).				
			
			
			
			
			
				Life cycle and mating behavior				
					Maturity | Reproduction | Spawning | Eggs | Fecundity | Larvae				
			
			
				
									
			
			
			
			
			
				Enticott, J. and D. Tipling 1997 Seabirds of the World: the complete reference. Singapore: New Holland (Publishers) Ltd. 234 p. (Ref. 84934)
			
			
			
			
			
			
			
					
						IUCN Red List Status    
						 (Ref. 130435: Version 2025-1)
					
					
						  Endangered (EN) (A2bde+3bde+4bde; C1+2a(ii)); Date assessed: 08 August 2018
					 
					
				
			
			
			
			
				CITES status   (Ref. 108899)
			
			
				
					Not Evaluated				
			
			
			
			
			
			
				
					Not Evaluated				
			
			
			
			
			
				Threat to humans  
			
			
				
									
			
			
			
			
			
			
			
			
				Human uses  
			
			
							
			
			
				 | FishSource | 			
			
			
			
			
			
Tools
			
			
			
			
				
					More information				
				
					 Population dynamicsGrowthMax. ages / sizesLength-weight rel.Length-length rel.Length-frequenciesMass conversionAbundance   Life cycleReproduction
Maturity
Fecundity
Spawning
Eggs
Egg development
Larvae
  PhysiologyOxygen consumption
  Human RelatedStamps, coins, misc.
  
			 
			
			
			
				Internet sources
			
			
			
			
			
				Estimates based on models
			
			
			
									
						Preferred temperature  					
				 (Ref. 
115969): 12.2 - 14.6, mean 13.6 (based on 32 cells).			
 
			
			
			
			
			
						
							
				
					
						Fishing Vulnerability  					
					
					
						Moderate to high vulnerability (45 of 100).