Aves | 
Charadriiformes | 
Alcidae
			
			
			
				Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range				
				
					Ecology				
				
			
			
				Others; depth range 0 - 59 m (Ref. 62201).  Subtropical; 70°N -   32°N, 127°E -   117°W (Ref. 125423)			
			
			
				
			
			
			
				Pacific Ocean and the Arctic.  From Alaska, Chukchi and Bering Sea, south to Aleutian Islands, east to California, USA and Canada and west to Japan and Russia. Subtropical to polar.
			
			
			
			
			
				Length at first maturity / Size / Weight / Age
			
			
				Maturity: Lm ?  range ? - ? cmmax. published weight: 779.00 g (Ref. 356)			
			
			
							
				
				
					
						Culmen: 5.84 cm; tarsus: 3.61 cm; wing: 20.055 cm.					
				
				
						
			
			
			
			
				
					A large alcid, about 40 cm in length. Plunge diver; continental shelf; <100 km (Ref. 356). Semi-precocial mode of development.  Ground nesting species; in burrows. When spotting a threat, adults give out alarm calls to warn chicks who respond by moving to a nearby hiding place.  Displays "group flight" behavior.  Vulnerable to oil pollution as a piscivore; saw 50% decline in population from 1989 in Prince William Sound after the Exxon Valdez oil spill (Ref. 87784). Captures and eats prey underwater except food carried to chicks. Tends to forage more offshore in shelf and shelf-edge waters than coastally (Ref. 62201).				
			
			
			
			
			
				Life cycle and mating behavior				
					Maturity | Reproduction | Spawning | Eggs | Fecundity | Larvae				
			
			
				
									
			
			
			
			
			
				Gjerdrum, C. 2004 Parental provisioning and nestling departure decisions: a supplementary feeding experiment in Tufted puffins (Fratercula cirrhata) on Triangle Island, British Columbia. The Auk 121:463-472. (Ref. 80101)
			
			
			
			
			
			
			
					
						IUCN Red List Status    
						 (Ref. 130435: Version 2025-1)
					
					
					
				
			
			
			
			
				CITES status   (Ref. 108899)
			
			
				
					Not Evaluated				
			
			
			
			
			
			
				
					Not Evaluated				
			
			
			
			
			
				Threat to humans  
			
			
				
									
			
			
			
			
			
			
			
			
				Human uses  
			
			
							
			
			
				 | FishSource | 			
			
			
			
			
			
Tools
			
			
			
			
				
					More information				
				
					 Population dynamicsGrowthMax. ages / sizesLength-weight rel.Length-length rel.Length-frequenciesMass conversionAbundance   Life cycleReproduction
Maturity
Fecundity
Spawning
Eggs
Egg development
Larvae
  PhysiologyOxygen consumption
  Human RelatedStamps, coins, misc.
  
			 
			
			
			
				Internet sources
			
			
			
			
			
				Estimates based on models
			
			
			
									
						Preferred temperature  					
				 (Ref. 
115969): 1.2 - 9.7, mean 4.3 (based on 370 cells).			
 
			
			
			
							
					Resilience  				
				
				
					High, minimum population doubling time less than 15 months (K=18.83-42.19).				
			
			
						
						
						
			
									
						Price category  					
					
					Unknown.