Cephalopoda | 
Oegopsida | 
Chiroteuthidae
			
			
			
				Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range				
				
					Ecology				
				
			
			
				Pelagic-oceanic; depth range 200 - 1700 m (Ref. 110525).  Subtropical; 70°N -   65°S, 180°W -   180°E (Ref. 97142)			
			
			
				
			
			
			
				Circumglobal, tropical, subtropical and Sub-Antarctic waters.
			
			
			
			
			
				Length at first maturity / Size / Weight / Age
			
			
				Maturity: Lm ?  range ? - ? cm Max length : 20.0 cm ML male/unsexed; (Ref. 97142)			
			
			
						
			
			
			
			
				
					Maximum depth from Ref. 105659. Mesopelagic to bathypelagic  as adults (Ref. 97142).  Found on the upper slope at depths of 600-800 m (Ref. 1970).  Frequently found in stomach contents of several species of bony fishes, sharks, mammals and seabirds; confirming that the species is common in its distributional areas, even though seldom captured by commercial fishing gear (e.g. trawls).  Biology is poorly known; paralarvae and juveniles are epipelagic to mesopelagic and widespread in the water column.  Possibly gregarious as numerous specimens are commonly captured together in deep net tows, a characteristic generally uncommon in deep sea squids (Ref. 97142).				
			
			
			
			
			
				Life cycle and mating behavior				
					Maturity | Reproduction | Spawning | Eggs | Fecundity | Larvae				
			
			
				
					Members of the class Cephalopoda are gonochoric.  Male and female adults usually die shortly after spawning and brooding, respectively.  Mating behavior:  Males perform various displays to attract potential females for copulation.  During copulation, male grasp the female and inserts the hectocotylus into the female's mantle cavity where fertilization usually occurs.  Life cycle:  Embryos hatch into planktonic stage and live for some time before they grow larger and take up a benthic existence as adults.				
			
			
			
			
			
				Bisby, F.A., M.A. Ruggiero, K.L. Wilson, M. Cachuela-Palacio, S.W. Kimani, Y.R. Roskov, A. Soulier-Perkins and J. van Hertum 2005 Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life: 2005 Annual Checklist. CD-ROM; Species 2000: Reading, U.K. (Ref. 19)
			
			
			
			
			
			
			
					
						IUCN Red List Status    
						 (Ref. 130435: Version 2025-1)
					
					
					
				
			
			
			
			
				CITES status   (Ref. 108899)
			
			
				
					Not Evaluated				
			
			
			
			
			
			
				
					Not Evaluated				
			
			
			
			
			
				Threat to humans  
			
			
				
					  Harmless				
			
			
			
			
			
			
			
			
				Human uses  
			
			
				Fisheries: commercial			
			
			
				 | FishSource | 			
			
			
			
			
			
Tools
			
			
			
			
				
					More information				
				
					 Population dynamicsGrowthMax. ages / sizesLength-weight rel.Length-length rel.Length-frequenciesMass conversionAbundance   Life cycleReproductionMaturityFecunditySpawningEggsEgg developmentLarvae   PhysiologyOxygen consumption
  Human RelatedStamps, coins, misc.
  
			 
			
			
			
				Internet sources
			
			
			
			
			
				Estimates based on models
			
			
			
									
						Preferred temperature  					
				 (Ref. 
115969): 1.1 - 13.8, mean 7.9 (based on 523 cells).			
 
			
			
			
			
			
						
							
				
					
						Fishing Vulnerability  					
					
					
						Low vulnerability (10 of 100).