Aves | 
Sphenisciformes | 
Spheniscidae
			
			
			
				Environment: milieu / climate zone / تغييرات عمق / distribution range				
				
					بوم شناسي				
				
			
			
				.  Temperate			
			
			
				
			
			
			
				Southwest Pacific:  New Zealand.
			
			
			
			
			
				Length at first maturity / Size / Weight / سن
			
			
				بلوغ: Lm ?  range ? - ? cm Max length : 63.0 cm TL جنس نر / بدون خواص جنسي; (مرجع 91362); common length : 56.0 cm TL جنس نر / بدون خواص جنسي; (مرجع 8812); بيشينه وزن گزارش شده: 2.8 kg (مرجع 356)			
			
			
							
				
				
					
						Culmen: 5.535 cm; tarsus: 2.595 cm.					
				
				
						
			
			
			
			
				
					Total population of this species is estimated at 23,250 breeding pairs (Ref. 84934). This species is known to be gregarious and breeds in large colonies.  They are found to breed among trees, or under dense bushes, and at times they roost on branches of low trees (Ref. 91362).  Pursuit diving (Ref. 356).				
			
			
			
			
			
				Life cycle and mating behavior				
					بلوغ | تولید مثل | تخم ریزی | Eggs | Fecundity | Larvae				
			
			
				
									
			
			
			
			
				مآخذ اصلی  				
					مراجع | هماهنگ كننده | همكاران
				
			
			
				Harrison, P. 1987 Seabirds of the world: a photographic guide. Christopher Helm, Hong Kong, 317p. (مرجع 91362)
			
			
			
			
			
			
			
					
						وضعيت در فهرست قرمز IUCN    
						 (مرجع 130435: Version 2025-1)
					
					
					
				
			
			
			
			
				وضعيت از نظر سايتس   (مرجع 108899)
			
			
				
					Not Evaluated				
			
			
			
			
			
			
				
					Not Evaluated				
			
			
			
			
			
				خطر برای انسان ها  
			
			
				
									
			
			
			
			
			
			
			
			
				استفاده انسانی  
			
			
							
			
			
				 | FishSource | 			
			
			
			
			
			
ابزارها
			
			
			
			
				
					اطلاعات بيشتر				
				
					 Population dynamicsرشد
Max. ages / sizes
Length-weight rel.
Length-length rel.
نوسانات طولی
Mass conversion
فراواني
  Life cycleتولید مثل
بلوغ
Fecundity
تخم ریزی
Eggs
نمو  تخم
Larvae
  PhysiologyOxygen consumption
  Human RelatedStamps, coins, misc.
  
			 
			
			
			
				منابع اينترنتي
			
			
			
			
			
				Estimates based on models
			
			
			
							
			
			
			
			
			
						
							
				
					
						Fishing Vulnerability  					
					
					
						Moderate to high vulnerability (45 of 100).					
				
						
						
			
									
						طبقه قيمت  					
					
					Unknown.