Pennatula phosphorea, Phosphorescent sea pen
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Pennatula phosphorea   Linnaeus, 1758

Phosphorescent sea pen

Native range | All suitable habitat | Point map | Year 2050
This map was computer-generated and has not yet been reviewed.
Pennatula phosphorea  AquaMaps  Data sources: GBIF OBIS
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Image of Pennatula phosphorea (Phosphorescent sea pen)
Pennatula phosphorea

Classification / Names Common names | Synonyms | CoL | ITIS | WoRMS

Octocorallia | Scleralcyonacea | Pennatulidae

Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range Ecology

Sessile; depth range 11 - 1200 m (Ref. 138197).  Subtropical; 60°N - 18°N, 125°W - 37°E

Distribution Territories | FAO areas | Ecosystems | Occurrences | Introductions

Eastern Pacific, Atlantic Ocean, and the Mediterranean: from California to Gulf of Mexico, north to Skagerrak and east to Turkey, Levantine Sea.

Length at first maturity / Size / Weight / Age

Maturity: Lm ?  range ? - ? cm Max length : 9.9 cm TL male/unsexed; (Ref. 83653)

Biology     Glossary (e.g. epibenthic)

Minimum depth based from Ref. 138260. Epibenthic (Ref. 87524). Attached species (Ref. 3123). Known from circalittoral and bathyal zones (Ref. 85338).

Life cycle and mating behavior Maturity | Reproduction | Spawning | Eggs | Fecundity | Larvae

Members of the class Anthozoa are either gonochoric or hermaphroditic. Mature gametes are shed into the coelenteron and spawned through the mouth. Life cycle: The zygote develops into a planktonic planula larva. Metamorphosis begins with early morphogenesis of tentacles, septa and pharynx before larval settlement on the aboral end.

Main reference References | Coordinator | Collaborators

Cairns, S.D., D.R. Calder, A. Brinckmann-Voss, C.B. Castro, D.G. Fautin, P.R. Pugh, C.E. Mills, W.C. Jaap, M.N. Arai, S.H.D. Haddock and D.M. Opresko 2003 Common and Scientific Names of Aquatic Invertebrates from the United States and Canada: Cnidaria and Ctenophore, Second Edition. American Fisheries Society Special Publication, no,28. XI+115. With CD-ROM. (Ref. 1663)

IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 130435: Version 2025-2 (Global))

  Near Threatened (NT) (A2bc); Date assessed: 14 September 2023

CITES status (Ref. 108899)

Not Evaluated

CMS (Ref. 116361)

Not Evaluated

Threat to humans

Human uses


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Trophic Ecology
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Diet composition
Food consumption
Predators
Ecology
Ecology
Population dynamics
Growth
Max. ages / sizes
Length-weight rel.
Length-length rel.
Length-frequencies
Mass conversion
Abundance
Life cycle
Reproduction
Maturity
Fecundity
Spawning
Eggs
Egg development
Larvae
Distribution
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FAO areas
Ecosystems
Occurrences
Introductions
Physiology
Oxygen consumption
Human Related
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Taxonomy
Common names
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References
References

Internet sources

BHL | BOLD Systems | CISTI | DiscoverLife | FAO(Publication : search) | Fishipedia | GenBank (genome, nucleotide) | GloBI | Gomexsi | Google Books | Google Scholar | Google | PubMed | Tree of Life | Wikipedia (Go, Search) | Zoological Record

Estimates based on models

Preferred temperature (Ref. 115969): 6.3 - 12.4, mean 9.2 (based on 503 cells).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref. 71543): Low vulnerability (10 of 100).
Price category (Ref. 80766): Unknown.

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