Malacostraca | 
Decapoda | 
Scyllaridae
			
			
			
				Environment: milieu / climate zone / تغييرات عمق / distribution range				
				
					بوم شناسي				
				
			
			
				;  تغييرات عمق 4 - 100 m (مرجع 4).  Subtropical, preferred 20°C (مرجع 107945); 46°N -   13°N, 32°W -   36°E (مرجع 4)			
			
			
				
			
			
			
				Eastern Atlantic and the Mediterranean:  from Lisbon, Portugal to Senegal, and the Mediterranean.
			
			
			
			
			
				Length at first maturity / Size / Weight / سن
			
			
				بلوغ: Lm ?  range ? - ? cm Max length : 45.0 cm TL جنس نر / بدون خواص جنسي; (مرجع 4); common length : 36.0 cm TL جنس نر / بدون خواص جنسي; (مرجع 441)			
			
			
						
			
			
			
			
				
					Carapace length:  12 cm. Occurs at depths between 4 and 100 m on rocky or sandy substrate.  Feeds on mollusks, especially limpets (Patella sp.).  Ovigerous females are observed from June to August (Ref. 4).				
			
			
			
			
			
				Life cycle and mating behavior				
					بلوغ | تولید مثل | تخم ریزی | Eggs | Fecundity | Larvae				
			
			
				
					Ovigerous females from June to August (Ref. 4).				
			
			
			
			
				مآخذ اصلی  				
					مراجع | هماهنگ كننده | همكاران
				
			
			
				Holthuis, L.B. 1991 FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 13. Marine lobsters of the world. An annotated and illustrated catalogue of species of interest to fisheries known to date. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(13):292p. Rome: FAO. (مرجع 4)
			
			
			
			
			
			
			
					
						وضعيت در فهرست قرمز IUCN    
						 (مرجع 130435: Version 2025-1)
					
					
					
				
			
			
			
			
				وضعيت از نظر سايتس   (مرجع 108899)
			
			
				
					Not Evaluated				
			
			
			
			
			
			
				
					Not Evaluated				
			
			
			
			
			
				خطر برای انسان ها  
			
			
				
									
			
			
			
			
			
			
			
			
				استفاده انسانی  
			
			
				ماهي گيري – شيلات: تجاري			
			
			
				FAO - ماهي گيري – شيلات: landings | FishSource | Sea Around Us			
			
			
			
			
			
ابزارها
			
			
			
			
				
					اطلاعات بيشتر				
				
					 Life cycleتولید مثلبلوغFecundityتخم ریزیEggsنمو  تخمLarvae   PhysiologyOxygen consumption
  Human RelatedStamps, coins, misc.
  
			 
			
			
			
				منابع اينترنتي
			
			
			
			
			
				Estimates based on models
			
			
			
									
						Preferred temperature  					
				 (Ref. 
115969): 14.6 - 21.6, mean 18.7 (based on 246 cells).			
 
			
			
			
							
					جهندگی  				
				
				
					متوسط, كمينه زمان لازم براي دو برابر شدن جمعيت 4/1 – 4/4 سال (K=0.2).				
			
			
						
							
				
					
						Fishing Vulnerability  					
					
					
						Moderate to high vulnerability (48 of 100).					
				
						
							
					
						Climate Vulnerability  					
					
					High vulnerability (59 of 100).				
						
			
			
			
				Nutrients  :  Calcium = 109 [35, 184]  mg/100g; Iron = 1.59 [1.21, 1.97]  mg/100g; Protein = 20.2 [19.2, 21.3] %; Omega3 = 0.285 [0.185, 0.386]  g/100g; Selenium = 48.3 [-31.7, 128.3]  μg/100g; VitaminA = 0 μg/100g; Zinc = 1.79 [1.17, 2.40]  mg/100g (wet weight); based on 
nutrient studies.