Malacostraca | 
Decapoda | 
Penaeidae
			
			
			
				Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range				
				
					Ecology				
				
			
			
				Benthic; depth range 13 - 300 m (Ref. 8), usually ? - 60 m (Ref. 801).  Tropical, preferred 27°C (Ref. 107945); 41°N -   45°S, 25°E -   154°E			
			
			
				
			
			
			
				Indo-West Pacific and the Mediterranean.
			
			
			
			
			
				Length at first maturity / Size / Weight / Age
			
			
				Maturity: Lm 1.7, range 2 - ? cm Max length : 2.2 cm CL male/unsexed; (Ref. 8); 3 cm CL (female); max. reported age: 1.25 years (Ref. 117187)			
			
			
						
			
			
			
			
				
					Maximum depth from Ref. 801. Occurs from depths of 10 to 300 m on sand or mud (Ref. 801).  Also occurs on subtidal zone, seagrass bed, and Ulva bed (Ref. 106853).  Pelagic, i.e. recorded in the water column (Ref. 106854).  Feeds mostly on mysids and amphipods (Ref. 116237).  Omnivore (Ref. 116259).				
			
			
			
			
			
			
				
					Members of the order Decapoda are mostly gonochoric.  Mating behavior:  Precopulatory courtship ritual is common (through olfactory and tactile cues); usually indirect sperm transfer.  				
			
			
			
			
			
				Holthuis, L.B. 1980 FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 1. Shrimps and prawns of the world. An annotated catalogue of species of interest to fisheries. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(1):271 p. Rome: FAO. (Ref. 8)
			
			
			
			
			
			
			
					
						IUCN Red List Status    
						 (Ref. 130435: Version 2025-1)
					
					
					
				
			
			
			
			
				CITES status   (Ref. 108899)
			
			
				
					Not Evaluated				
			
			
			
			
			
			
				
					Not Evaluated				
			
			
			
			
			
				Threat to humans  
			
			
				
									
			
			
			
			
			
			
			
			
				Human uses  
			
			
				Fisheries: minor commercial			
			
			
				FAO - Fisheries: landings, species profile | FishSource | Sea Around Us			
			
			
			
			
			
Tools
			
			
			
			
				
					More information				
				
					 PhysiologyOxygen consumption
  Human RelatedStamps, coins, misc.
  
			 
			
			
			
				Internet sources
			
			
			
			
			
				Estimates based on models
			
			
			
									
						Preferred temperature  					
				 (Ref. 
115969): 18 - 28.2, mean 27.1 (based on 356 cells).			
 
			
			
			
							
					Resilience  				
				
				
					High, minimum population doubling time less than 15 months (K=0.92-2.76; tm=0.49; tmax=1.25).				
			
			
							
					 Prior r = 1.19, 95% CL = 0.79 - 1.79, Based on 2 data-limited stock assessments.				
						
							
				
					
						Fishing Vulnerability  					
					
					
						Low vulnerability (10 of 100).					
				
						
							
					
						Climate Vulnerability  					
					
					Low to moderate vulnerability (26 of 100).				
						
			
			
			
				Nutrients  :  Calcium = 109 [35, 184]  mg/100g; Iron = 1.59 [1.21, 1.97]  mg/100g; Protein = 20.2 [19.2, 21.3] %; Omega3 = 0.285 [0.185, 0.386]  g/100g; Selenium = 48.3 [-31.7, 128.3]  μg/100g; VitaminA = 0 μg/100g; Zinc = 1.79 [1.17, 2.40]  mg/100g (wet weight); based on 
nutrient studies.