Malacostraca | 
Decapoda | 
Penaeidae
			
			
			
				Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range				
				
					Ecology				
				
			
			
				Benthic; brackish; depth range 3 - 720 m (Ref. 8), usually 3 - 50 m (Ref. 8).  Tropical; 18°C - 24°C (Ref. 434), preferred 26°C (Ref. 107945); 23°N -   24°S, 90°W -   13°E			
			
			
				
			
			
			
				Atlantic Ocean:  from Mexico to Brazil and Mauritania to Angola.  Tropical to subtropical.
			
			
			
			
			
				Length at first maturity / Size / Weight / Age
			
			
				Maturity: Lm ?  range ? - ? cm Max length : 20.0 cm TL male/unsexed; (Ref. 434); 23 cm TL (female)			
			
			
						
			
			
			
			
				
					Maximum carapace length:  4.1 cm (male); 4.8 cm (female) (Ref. 8).  Maximum total length (male) from Ref. 110183.  Maximum depth from Ref. 97531. Occurs at depths from 3 to 700 m, common at depths from 10 to 75 m (Ref. 434), inhabits bottom mud or sandy mud, and sandy patches among rocks in marine environment.  Juveniles found in estuarine environment (Refs. 8, 106886).  Also inhabits lagoons (Ref. 417).    In general, the majority of penaeids are omnivorous or detritus feeders (Ref. 105082).				
			
			
			
			
			
				Life cycle and mating behavior				
					Maturity | Reproduction | Spawning | Eggs | Fecundity | Larvae				
			
			
				
					Members of the order Decapoda are mostly gonochoric.  Mating behavior:  Precopulatory courtship ritual is common (through olfactory and tactile cues); usually indirect sperm transfer.  				
			
			
			
			
			
				Holthuis, L.B. 1980 FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 1. Shrimps and prawns of the world. An annotated catalogue of species of interest to fisheries. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(1):271 p. Rome: FAO. (Ref. 8)
			
			
			
			
			
			
			
					
						IUCN Red List Status    
						 (Ref. 130435: Version 2025-1)
					
					
					
				
			
			
			
			
				CITES status   (Ref. 108899)
			
			
				
					Not Evaluated				
			
			
			
			
			
			
				
					Not Evaluated				
			
			
			
			
			
				Threat to humans  
			
			
				
									
			
			
			
			
			
			
			
			
				Human uses  
			
			
				Fisheries: commercial			
			
			
				FAO - Fisheries: landings, species profile | FIRMS (Stock assessments) | FishSource | Sea Around Us			
			
			
			
			
			
Tools
			
			
			
			
				
					More information				
				
					 Trophic EcologyFood items (preys)Diet compositionFood consumptionPredators   Life cycleReproductionMaturityFecunditySpawningEggsEgg developmentLarvae   PhysiologyOxygen consumption
  Human RelatedStamps, coins, misc.
  
			 
			
			
			
				Internet sources
			
			
			
			
			
				Estimates based on models
			
			
			
									
						Preferred temperature  					
				 (Ref. 
115969): 23.6 - 28, mean 27.3 (based on 422 cells).			
 
			
			
			
							
					Resilience  				
				
				
					High, minimum population doubling time less than 15 months (K=0.8-1.65).				
			
			
							
					 Prior r = 0.46, 95% CL = 0.30 - 0.69, Based on 3 data-limited stock assessments.				
						
							
				
					
						Fishing Vulnerability  					
					
					
						Low vulnerability (12 of 100).					
				
						
							
					
						Climate Vulnerability  					
					
					Moderate vulnerability (43 of 100).				
						
			
			
			
				Nutrients  :  Calcium = 109 [35, 184]  mg/100g; Iron = 1.59 [1.21, 1.97]  mg/100g; Protein = 20.2 [19.2, 21.3] %; Omega3 = 0.285 [0.185, 0.386]  g/100g; Selenium = 48.3 [-31.7, 128.3]  μg/100g; VitaminA = 0 μg/100g; Zinc = 1.79 [1.17, 2.40]  mg/100g (wet weight); based on 
nutrient studies.