| Main Ref. | Ivanov, V.P., A.M. Kamakin, V.B. Ushivtzev, T. Shiganova, O. Zhukova, N. Aladin, S.I. Wilson, G.R. Harbison and H.J. Dumont, 2006 |
| To | Middle part of the Caspian Sea, in the Turkmen and Kazakh sector. |
| FAO area | Asia - Inland waters |
| From | American Estuaries from 40° N to 46° S. |
| FAO area | Atlantic, Western Central |
| Year | 1999 |
| Range | |
| Period | 1975-present |
| Established in the Wild | yes, self reproducing |
| Established in Aquaculture | |
| Significant Ecological Interactions | Unknown |
| Significant Socio-economic Effects | |
| Introduced by | |
| Reason | accidental with ships |
| Other Reason | |
| Comments | Native range is from Massachusetts to southern Argentina (Ref. 2962). Introduced in the middle part of the Caspian Sea in the Turkmen and Kazakh region. Rapid expansion was recorded in summer of 2000 suggested active reproduction of the species (Ref. 2963). Ref. Ivanov, V.P., A.M. Kamakin, V.B. Ushivtzev, T. Shiganova, O. Zhukova, N. Aladin, S.I. Wilson, G.R. Harbison and H.J. Dumont, 2006 |