| Main Ref. | Bartley, D.M. (comp./ed.), 2006 |
| To | Spain |
| FAO area | |
| From | United States of America |
| FAO area | |
| Year | 1974 |
| Range | |
| Period | 1950-1974 |
| Established in the Wild | yes, self reproducing |
| Established in Aquaculture | rarely used |
| Significant Ecological Interactions | yes - adverse |
| Significant Socio-economic Effects | |
| Introduced by | private sector |
| Reason | aquaculture |
| Other Reason | |
| Comments | The introduction of this species caused physical changes in rice marsh-ponds (burrowing) due to an excessive proliferation but allowed the creation of a new fishing industry. |