Common names from other countries
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
Sinh thái học
; Mức độ sâu 0 - 150 m (Ref. 4), usually ? - 50 m (Ref. 4). Subtropical, preferred 12°C (Ref. 107945); 69°N - 29°N, 28°W - 32°E (Ref. 4)
Eastern Atlantic, Mediterranean and Black Sea. Not in east of Crete and in the Baltic Sea.
Length at first maturity / Bộ gần gũi / Khối lượng (Trọng lượng) / Age
Maturity: Lm 8.9, range 8 - 8.3 cm Max length : 65.0 cm TL con đực/không giới tính; (Ref. 441); common length : 40.0 cm TL con đực/không giới tính; (Ref. 441); Khối lượng cực đại được công bố: 6.0 kg (Ref. 4); Tuổi cực đại được báo cáo: 72 các năm (Ref. 81081)
Common total length: 23 to 50 cm. Occurs on the continental shelf at depths of 0 to 150 m, usually not deeper than 50 m. Found on hard substrates such as rock or hard mud. Nocturnal and territorial living in holes or crevices. Females with eggs are usually found throughout the year. The eggs are laid around July and carried for 10 to 11 months (Ref. 4). Indiscriminate scavengers, omnivorous or carnivorous. Feeds primarily on malacostracan crustaceans, gastropod mollusks, and polychaete annelids; but diet known to include carrion, echinoderms, lamellibranchs and plant matter (Ref. 96319).
Females with eggs are usually found throughout the year. The eggs are laid around July and carried for 10 to 11 months (Ref. 4). Coupling occurs a few days after the female molts (Ref. 80921).
Holthuis, L.B. 1991. (Ref. 4)
IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 130435)
CITES status (Ref. 108899)
Not Evaluated
Not Evaluated
Human uses
Các nghề cá: tính thương mại cao; Nuôi trồng thủy sản: thực nghiệm
FAO - Các nghề cá: landings, species profile | FishSource | Biển chung quanh ta
Các công cụ
Các nguồn internet
Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature
(Ref.
115969): 7.7 - 13.3, mean 10.4 (based on 494 cells).
Thích nghi nhanh
Chiêù cao, thời gian nhân đôi của chủng quần tối thiểu là dưới 15 tháng (K=0.79-1.0; Fec=13,000).
Prior r = 0.37, 95% CL = 0.25 - 0.56, Based on 1 data-limited stock assessment.
Vulnerability
Moderate to high vulnerability (46 of 100).