Aves |
Charadriiformes |
Laridae
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
Ecology
Others; depth range 0 - 175 m (Ref. 125337), usually 25 - 175 m (Ref. 125337). Temperate; 83°N - 3°N, 180°W - 180°E
Atlantic Ocean, Northern Pacific and the Arctic. Temperate to polar.
Length at first maturity / Size / Weight / Age
Maturity: Lm ? range ? - ? cmmax. published weight: 407.00 g (Ref. 356)
Culmen: 3.615 cm; tarsus: 4.02 cm; wing: 31.885 cm.
Found along the coastal and continental shelf, further offshore over shelf break and oceanic regions, <185 km. Exercise dipping and pattering behavior (Ref. 356). From the east coast of Scotland and northern England, this species forage widely, both inshore and offshore in the North Sea, and surface-feed by scooping prey from the water; although with relatively limited ability to exploit the water column. Known to feed on the sandeel, Ammodytes marinus and identified as most sensitive to sandeel-fishery closure in this region. They form nesting colonies with breeding pairs sharing incubation and chick-rearing duties. Adults feed their chicks with regurgitated food (Ref. 95711).
Life cycle and mating behavior
Maturity | Reproduction | Spawning | Eggs | Fecundity | Larvae
Lepage, D. 2007. (Ref. 7816)
IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 130435)
CITES status (Ref. 108899)
Not Evaluated
Not Evaluated
Threat to humans
Human uses
| FishSource |
Tools
Internet sources
Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature
(Ref.
115969): 0.5 - 12.1, mean 7.1 (based on 1285 cells).
Resilience
High, minimum population doubling time less than 15 months (K=17.39-48.64).
Price category
Unknown.
