Spisula solida, Solid surf clam : fisheries
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Spisula solida   (Linnaeus, 1758)

Solid surf clam

Native range | All suitable habitat | Point map | Year 2050
This map was computer-generated and has not yet been reviewed.
Spisula solida  AquaMaps  Data sources: GBIF OBIS
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Spisula solida

Classification / Names Common names | Synonyms | CoL | ITIS | WoRMS

Bivalvia | Venerida | Mactridae

Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range Ecology

Benthic; depth range 0 - 60 m (Ref. 106944).  Subtropical, preferred 10°C (Ref. 107945); 65°N - 32°N, 24°W - 12°E

Distribution Countries | FAO areas | Ecosystems | Occurrences | Introductions

Eastern Atlantic and the Mediterranean: From southern Iceland to North Sea, Morocco and Madeira to the Mediterranean.

Length at first maturity / Size / Weight / Age

Maturity: Lm ?  range ? - ? cm Max length : 5.0 cm SHL male/unsexed; (Ref. 7882); max. reported age: 13 years (Ref. 106244)

Biology     Glossary (e.g. epibenthic)

Depth based on occurrence (Ref. 2758, p. 805); to be replaced with better reference. Minimum depth from Ref. 2703. Species' maximum length from the Belgian part of the North Sea (Ref. 7882). Found along the coasts and further out into the open sea, mainly on top of sea banks. Shallowly burrows in coarse-grained sediment. A suspension feeder (Ref. 7882).

Life cycle and mating behavior Maturity | Reproduction | Spawning | Eggs | Fecundity | Larvae

Members of the class Bivalvia are mostly gonochoric, some are protandric hermaphrodites. Life cycle: Embryos develop into free-swimming trocophore larvae, succeeded by the bivalve veliger, resembling a miniature clam.

Main reference References | Coordinator | Collaborators

Gaspar, M.B., M.N. Santos and P. Vasconcelos 2001 Weight-length relationships of 25 bivalve species (Mollusca: Bivalvia) from the Algarve coast (southern Portugal). J. Mar. Biol. Ass. U.K. 81:805-807. (Ref. 2758)

IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 130435: Version 2025-1)

  Not Evaluated 

CITES status (Ref. 108899)

Not Evaluated

CMS (Ref. 116361)

Not Evaluated

Threat to humans

Human uses

Fisheries: commercial
FAO - Fisheries: landings | FishSource | Sea Around Us

Tools

E-book | Field guide

More information

Trophic Ecology
Food items (preys)
Diet composition
Food consumption
Predators
Ecology
Ecology
Population dynamics
Growth
Max. ages / sizes
Length-weight rel.
Length-length rel.
Length-frequencies
Mass conversion
Abundance
Life cycle
Reproduction
Maturity
Fecundity
Spawning
Eggs
Egg development
Larvae
Distribution
Countries
FAO areas
Ecosystems
Occurrences
Introductions
Physiology
Oxygen consumption
Human Related
Stamps, coins, misc.
Outreach
Collaborators
Taxonomy
Common names
Synonyms
Morphology
Pictures
References
References

Internet sources

BHL | BOLD Systems | CISTI | DiscoverLife | FAO(Fisheries: ; publication : search) | Fishipedia | GenBank (genome, nucleotide) | GloBI | Gomexsi | Google Books | Google Scholar | Google | PubMed | Tree of Life | Wikipedia (Go, Search) | Zoological Record

Estimates based on models

Preferred temperature (Ref. 115969): 8.6 - 12.5, mean 10.4 (based on 344 cells).
Resilience (Ref. 69278): High, minimum population doubling time less than 15 months (K=0.23-0.43; tm=1; tmax=13).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref. 71543): Moderate vulnerability (37 of 100).
Climate Vulnerability (Ref. 125649): High to very high vulnerability (71 of 100).
Price category (Ref. 80766): Low.
Nutrients :  Calcium = 149 [71, 228] mg/100g; Iron = 8.53 [1.95, 15.11] mg/100g; Protein = 9.88 [8.64, 11.12] %; Omega3 = 0.313 [0.202, 0.423] g/100g; Selenium = 61 [50, 72] μg/100g; VitaminA = 0 μg/100g; Zinc = 2.04 [0.56, 3.51] mg/100g (wet weight); based on nutrient studies.

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